Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Contribution à l’étude des relations entre des variables de fonctionnement des terroirs du Val de Loire et l’évolution des acides organiques des baies durant la maturation du raisin

Contribution à l’étude des relations entre des variables de fonctionnement des terroirs du Val de Loire et l’évolution des acides organiques des baies durant la maturation du raisin

Abstract

[English version below]

Dans les terroirs du Val de Loire, la précocité du cycle de la vigne et son alimentation en eau sont des variables de fonctionnement qui influent de manière importante sur la composition des baies à maturité. La présente étude aborde l’analyse du rôle de ces variables sur l’évolution des acides organiques des baies, constituants essentiels de la qualité des vins. La teneur en acide malique apparaît corrélée négativement à la précocité induite par le terroir ; la relation est meilleure en début de maturation qu’à maturité. Durant tout le cycle de la plante, des conditions climatiques favorables à une croissance soutenue semblent jouer un rôle positif sur la teneur en acide tartrique, mais certains facteurs climatiques sont responsables d’une combustion plus rapide de l’acide malique durant la maturation. L’évolution conjointe de ces deux acides organiques peut être appréciée au travers de deux rapports : acide tartrique/acide malique et acide tartrique/( acide tartrique + acide malique) encore appelé coefficient de maturation. En début de maturation, les valeurs de ces deux rapports sont en liaison avec le niveau de précocité des terroirs. Les écarts entre terroirs augmentent au cours de la maturation. A maturité, les différences observées varient du simple au quadruple selon le terroir et le millésime ; elles semblent imputables à la fois à la précocité et à la contrainte hydrique. Le rapport acide tartrique/acide malique discrimine mieux les terroirs que le coefficient de maturation.

In the terroirs of the Mid-Loire Valley, the precocity of the cycle of grapevine and its water intake regime are functionning variables which influence strongly berry composition at maturity time. The present study deals with the role of these variables on the evolution of organic acids, which are considered as major components of wine quality. The malic acid content is negatively correlated to the terroir-induced precocity; the relationship is better at the beginning of the maturation process than at its end. All the climatic factors which can enhance growth during all the cycle seems to favor a higher tartaric acid content, but some of them are also responsible for a quicker combustion of malic acid during maturation. The joint evolution of these two organic acids can be appraised through two ratios: tartaric/malic acid and tartaric/ [tartaric + malic] acid, the latter also known as the maturation coefficient. At the beginning of the maturation process these ratios appear to be mainly related to the level of precocity of the terroirs. The gap between terroirs increases during maturation. At maturity, the differences may vary from one to four, according to the terroir and the vintage; they seem to be due to both the precocity and the level of water stress. The tartaric/malic acid ratio is more discriminant than the maturation coefficient in terms of behaviour of the grapevine.

DOI:

Publication date: February 24, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2000

Type: Article

Authors

G. Barbeau, R. Morlat, C. Asselin, Y. Cadot

Unité de Recherches Vigne et Vin, Centre INRA d’Angers (France)

Keywords

terroirs viticoles, acides organiques, précocité, alimentation hydrique
viticultural terroirs, organic acids, precocity, water intake regime

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2000

Citation

Related articles…

Il Soave: esempio di cultura e di scienza

L’evoluzione del settore viti-enologico, supportato dalla ricerca ci propone sempre più frequentemente vini unici e inconfondibili. Il merito di ciò è da ricercare nel rapporto vitigno-territorio e dalla

Measurement of synthetic solutions imitating alcoholic fermentation by dielectric spectroscopy

Having the possibility to use a wide spectrum of elecromagnetic waves, dielectric spectroscopy is a technique commonly used for electrical characterization of dielectrics or that of materials with high energy storage capacity, just to name a few. Based on the electrical excitation of dipoles (polymer chains or molecules) or ions in relation to the characteristics of a weak external electric field, this method allows the measurement of the complex permittivity or impedance of polarizable materials, each component having a characteristic dipole moment.In recent years, the food industry has also benefited from the potential offered by this technique, whether for the evaluation of fruit quality or during the pasteurization of apple juice [1-3]. As the tests are fast and do not destroy the products, dielectric spectroscopy proved to be an experimental tool suitable for online measurements as well as long-term monitoring.

Can early defoliation improve fruit composition of Tempranillo grapevines in the semi-arid terroir of Utiel-Requena, Spain?

Early defoliation has been found a useful tool to reduce cluster compactness and to improve fruit composition in vigorous sites of different viticultural areas. Our objective was to test the usefulness

New food trend ahead? Highlighting the nutritional benefits of grapevine leaves

The wine industry produces an enormous amount of waste every year. A wider inclusion of disregarded by-products in the human diet or its use as a source of bioactive compounds is a good strategy for reducing waste. It will not only introduce an added value to a waste product but also come upon the European Union and United Nations’ demands towards more sustainable agricultural approaches and circular economy.

Integrative study of Vitis biodiversity for next-generation breeding of grapevine rootstocks 

Drought is one of the main challenges for viticulture in the context of global change. The choice of rootstock could be leveraged for vineyard adaptation to drought as we can improve plant performance without modifying the scion variety. However, most of the existing rootstocks, selected over a century ago, have a narrow genetic background which could compromise their adaptive potential.