IVAS 2022 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 IVAS 9 IVAS 2022 9 Influence of the type of tanks employed for winemaking on red wine phenolic composition

Influence of the type of tanks employed for winemaking on red wine phenolic composition

Abstract

The grape maturation process is being affected by the consequences of global climate change and, as a result, there is a gap at harvest time between the technological maturity of grapes (mostly the concentration of sugar and acids) and its phenolic quality. Due to this gap, the wines elaborated using those grapes show a non-adequate phenolic composition, which results in defects on its color and astringency characteristics. Astringency is mainly related to the salivary protein precipitation because of the interaction not only with wine flavanols but also with other wine phenolics, such as flavonols or different pigments. Moreover, the different flavanol structures (catechins, gallocatechins, galloylated derivatives) show different abilities for interacting with salivary proteins and, therefore, they show different astringent characteristics (Ferrer-Gallego et al, 2015). Likewise, color is mainly related to anthocyanin composition of wines but the presence or other phenolic compounds, namely flavonols, flavanols or phenolic acids, which can act as copigments, also exert an important influence on that organoleptic property. Thus, different strategies, both viticultural and oenological, could be addressed looking for the modulation of phenolic composition and, consequently, the improvement of the organoleptic properties of wine, such as the modulation of astringency and the stabilization of wine color (García-Estévez et al., 2017).This work evaluates the influence of different type of tanks built with different materials, i.e. stainless steel tanks, oak wood barrels or earthenware vats, on the phenolic composition of wines at different times of winemaking and wine maturation. To do this, the alcoholic fermentation was performed using stainless steel tanks or earthenware vats, whereas the malolactic fermentation was carried out using oak wood barrels of different sizes or earthenware vats. The detailed anthocyanic, flavanolic and flavonolic composition of wines were determined after both fermentation steps by using HPLC-DAD-MS. Results show that wines that performed the alcoholic fermentation in stainless steel tanks have higher levels of flavanols and anthocyanins but lower levels of flavonols than those wines fermented in earthenware vats. Moreover, wines elaborate in stainless steel tanks that performed the malolactic fermentation in oak barrels or in earthenware vats do not show significant differences on their phenolic composition excepting for the prodelphinidins proportion in their flavanol composition. However, when earthenware vats were used just for malolactic fermentation, after alcoholic fermentation in stainless steel tanks, wines showed higher levels of phenolic compounds than when both fermentation processes are carried out in the earthenware vats, thus pointing out that boththe type of tank and the time when it is employed are important for the phenolic composition of wines.

References

Ferrer-Gallego et al., 2015. Chem Senses, 40, 381-390.
García-Estévez et al., 2017. OENO One, 51, 237-249.

DOI:

Publication date: June 27, 2022

Issue: IVAS 2022

Type: Poster

Authors

Torres-Rochera Bárbara1, García-Estévez Ignacio1, Del Rey-Rivero Rebeca1, Ferreras-Charro Rebeca1, Alcalde-Eon Cristina1 and Esribano-Bailón Mará Teresa1

1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Universidad de Salamanca

Contact the author

Keywords

phenolic compounds, oak barrels, earthenware vats, HPLC-DAD-MS, red wine

Tags

IVAS 2022 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Grapevine sugar concentration model in the Douro Superior, Portugal

Increasingly warm and dry climate conditions are challenging the viticulture and winemaking sector. Digital technologies and crop modelling bear the promise to provide practical answers to those challenges. As viticultural activities strongly depend on harvest date, its early prediction is particularly important, since the success of winemaking practices largely depends upon this key event, which should be based on an accurate and advanced plan of the annual cycle. Herein, we demonstrate the creation of modelling tools to assess grape ripeness, through sugar concentration monitoring. The study area, the Portuguese Côa valley wine region, represents an important terroir in the “Douro Superior” subregion. Two varieties (cv. Touriga Nacional and Touriga Franca) grown in five locations across the Côa Region were considered. Sugar accumulation in grapes, with concentrations between 170 and 230 g l-1, was used from 2014 to 2020 as an indicator of technological maturity conditioned by meteorological factors. The climatic time series were retrieved from the EU Copernicus Service, while sugar data were collected by a non-profit organization, ADVID, and by Sogrape, a leading wine company. The software for calibrating and validating this model framework was the Phenology Modeling Platform (PMP), version 5.5, using Sigmoid and growing degree-day (GDD) models for predictions. The performance was assessed through two metrics: Roots Mean Square Error (RMSE) and efficiency coefficient (EFF), while validation was undertaken using leave-one-out cross-validation. Our findings demonstrate that sugar content is mainly dependent on temperature and air humidity. The models achieved a performance of 0.65
Read More

Mapping and tracking canopy size with VitiCanopy

Understanding vineyard variability to target management strategies, apply inputs efficiently and deliver consistent grape quality to the winery is essential. However, despite inherent vineyard variability, the majority are managed as if they are uniform. VitiCanopy is a simple, grower-friendly tool for precision/digital viticulture that allows users to collect and interpret objective spatial information about vineyard performance. After four years of field and market research, an upgraded VitiCanopy has been created to achieve a more streamlined, technology-assisted vine monitoring tool that provides users with a set of superior new features, which could significantly improve the way users monitor their grapevines. These new features include:
• New user interface
• User authentication
• Batch analysis of multiple images
• Ease the learning curve through enhanced help features
• Reporting via the creation of colour maps that will allow users to assess the spatial differences in canopies within a vineyard.
Use-case examples are presented to demonstrate the quantification and mapping of vineyard variability through objective canopy measurements, ground-truthing of remotely sensed measurements, monitoring of crop conditions, implementation of disease and water management decisions as well as creating a history of each site to forecast quality. This intelligent tool allows users to manage grapevines and make informed management choices to achieve the desired production targets and remain profitable.

Read More

Different soil types and relief influence the quality of Merlot grapes in a relatively small area in the Vipava Valley (Slovenia) in relation to the vine water status

Besides location and microclimatic conditions, soil plays an important role in the quality of grapes and wine. Soil properties influence…

Read More

Upscaling the integrated terroir zoning through digital soil mapping: a case study in the Designation of Origin Campo de Borja

homogeneous zones by intersecting several partial zonings of major factors that influence vineyard growth. Each of them follows specific process from their corresponding disciplines. Soil zoning specifically refers to a Soil Resource Inventory map that has traditionally been generated by conventional soil mapping methods. These methods have shortcomings in reaching fine cartographic and categorical details and involve significant expenses, which undermines their applicability. A new framework named Digital Soil Mapping has introduced quantitative models by statistical techniques to establish soil-landscape relationships and is able to provide intensive scale cartography.

In the present study, a microzoning at 1:10.000 scale is generated from an initial zoning, where the conventional soil map with polytaxic map units is replaced by a new one from digital techniques that disaggregates them. The comparison between the zonings considers a quantitative evaluation of capability for each Homogeneous Terroir Unit by means of the Viticultural Quality Index and its categorization based on its distribution by map. The spatial intersection of both maps gives rise to a confusion matrix in which the flows of class variations after the substitution are assessed.

The results show a five-fold increase in the number of Homogeneous Terroir Units identified and a larger differentiation among them, evidenced by a wider range in the capability index distribution. Both elements are accompanied by an increase in the detection of areas of higher potential within previously undervalued uniform zones.These features are a direct effect of the improvements brought by Digital Soil Mapping techniques and would verify the advantages of their implementation in the Integrated Terroir zoning. Eventually, such new highly detailed terroir units would benefit precision viticulture and sustainable management practices.

Read More

Impact of climate change on the viticultural climate of the Protected Designation of Origin “Jumilla” (SE Spain)

Protected Designation of Origin “Jumilla” (PDO Jumilla) is located in the Spanish provinces of Albacete and Murcia, in the South-eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, where most of the models predict a severe impact of climate change in next decades. PDO Jumilla covers an area of 247,054 hectares, of which more than 22,000 hectares

Read More