GiESCO 2019 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 GiESCO 9 Tolerance to sunburn: a variable to consider in the context of climate change

Tolerance to sunburn: a variable to consider in the context of climate change

Abstract

Context and purpose of the study – Climate change effects on grapevine phenology and grape primary and secondary metabolites are well described in recent literature. Increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves may be responsible for important yield losses in the future. However, the impact of this event is not so well described in literature. The present study highlights the importance of grape variety tolerance as a mitigation tool to climate change.

Material and methods – Sunburn intensity was evaluated in an ampelographic field, located at Alentejo, the warmest region of Portugal, after a strong heat wave that occurred in the first week of august of 2018. The vineyard, planted in 2011, has 189 grapevine varieties (125 plants per variety), grafted on 1103P, with a plant density of 2222 plants ha-1 (distance in the row = 1.5m; distance between rows =3.0 m). Row orientation is N-S. Sunburn intensity was visually evaluated in both sides of the canopy and the results converted into varietal tolerance to sunburn (intensity ranging from 1 to 5, being 1 very tolerant and 5 very sensitive). Standard meteorological variables were measured at the experimental plot, namely air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, wind speed and direct solar radiation (hourly data). Canopy height and width was estimated from digital images perpendicular to the rows (12 images per variety) and from remote imagery (Micasense Redegde).

Results –The heat wave observed in August was characterized for a period of 6 consecutive days with maximum air temperatures above 40oC (Tmax ≈ 45oC), minimum temperatures around 25oC and extremely dry air and the maximum DPV higher than 8.4 kPa. From the 103 white varieties under study, only 3 varieties were classified as extremely sensitive and 5 as very sensitive. From all the evaluated white varieties, 44% (with different geographic origins) behaved as extremely tolerant. Relatively to the 82 red varieties, there was an increase in the varieties classified as extremely sensitive and very sensitive varieties (17%) and a reduction on the varieties classified as extremely tolerant (30%). Only 4 rose varieties were studied and Ahmeur bou Ahmeur stands out. This variety was very sensitive to sunburn despite its North African origin.

The increase of sunburn intensity in red varieties highlights the contribution of berry color on berry energy balance. When comparing the bunch exposition, it was observed that sunburn intensity in exposed grapes onthe West facing side of the canopy was around two times bigger than in the East face, either for white and red cultivars, which highlights the importance of row orientation in new plantations.

DOI:

Publication date: March 11, 2024

Issue: GiESCO 2019

Type: Poster

Authors

José SILVESTRE1*, Miguel DAMÁSIO1, Ricardo EGIPTO1, Jorge CUNHA1, João BRAZÃO1, José EIRAS-DIAS1, Rui FLORES2, Amandio RODRIGUES2, Patrick DONNO2, Jorge BÖHM3

1 INIAV, I.P., Pólo de Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoínha, 2565-191 Dois Portos
2 Herdade do Esporão, Apartado 31, 7200-999, Reguengos de Monsaraz
3 Viveiros PLANSEL Lda, Quinta São Jorge, 7050-909 Montemor-o-Novo

Contact the author

Keywords

Grapevine, Variety, Sunburn, Heat wave, Climate change

Tags

GiESCO | GiESCO 2019 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Effect of certain climatic variables on the phenolic and aromatic composition of two red grape varieties (Merlot and Cabernet-Sauvignon) grown in the Mancha region (Spain)

Between 2002 and 2004 we studied the behaviour of two red grape varieties – Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon – within the scope of an experimental protocol encompassing 14 plots, 7 of which had not been cultivated, situated in geographically distant locations representing different terroirs of Castilla-La Mancha.

NEW INSIGHTS INTO VOLATILE SULPHUR COMPOUNDS SCALPING ON MICROAGGLOMERATED WINE CLOSURES

The evolution of wine during bottle ageing has been of great interest to ensure consistent quality over time. While the role of wine closures on the amount of oxygen is well-known [1], closures could also play other roles such as the scalping phenomenon of flavour compounds. Flavour scalping has been described as the sorption of flavour compounds by the packaging material, which could result in losses of flavour intensity. It has been reported in the literature that volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) can be scalped on wine closures depending on the type of closure (traditional and agglomerated cork, screw-cap, synthetic [2]).

Modeling island and coastal vineyards potential in the context of climate change

Climate change impacts regional and local climates, which in turn affects the world’s wine regions. In the short term, these modifications rises issues about maintaining quality and style of wine, and in a longer term about the suitability of grape varieties and the sustainability of traditional wine regions. Thus, adaptation to climate change represents a major challenge for viticulture. In this context, island and coastal vineyards could become coveted areas due to their specific climatic conditions. In regions subject to warming, the proximity of the sea can moderate extremes temperatures, which could be an advantage for wine. However, coastal and island areas are particular prized spaces and subject to multiple pressures that make the establishment or extension of viticulture complex.
In this perspective, it seems relevant to assess the potentialities of coastal and island areas for viticulture. This contribution will present a spatial optimization model that tends to characterize most suitable agroclimatic patterns in historical or emerging vineyards according to different scenarios. Thanks to an in-depth bibliography a global inventory of coastal and insular vineyards on a worldwide scale has been realized. Relevant criteria have been identified to describe the specificities of these vineyards. They are used as input data in the optimization process, which will optimize some objectives and spatial aspects. According to a predefined scenario, the objectives are set in three main categories associated with climatic characteristics, vineyards characteristics and management strategies. At the end of this optimization process, a series of maps presents the different spatial configurations that maximize the scenario objectives.

Caractérisation et valorisation des terroirs de l’appellation d’origine contrôlée Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion

Le terroir viticole, qui est la base de la délimitation des aires d’Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée, est une notion complexe dans laquelle sont en interaction la vigne, les facteurs naturels tels que le sol, le climat, ainsi que le facteur humain à travers les pratiques des viticulteurs. Le terroir conditionne la composition des raisins et ainsi la qualité et la typicité des vins qui en sont issus.

NMR profiling of grape musts from some italian regions

With wine fraud, being a widespread problem [1], the need for more sophisticated and precise analytical methods of its detection remains ever persistent.