OENO IVAS 2019 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OENO IVAS 9 OENO IVAS 2019 9 Grape and wine microorganisms: diversity and adaptation 9 Genetic causes of SO2 consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetic causes of SO2 consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

SO2 is used during winemaking for its anti-oxidative and anti-microbial properties. A high SO2 concentration in the wine has negative impacts by hiding wine aromas and delaying malolactic fermentation. SO2 concentration is also a source of health concerns and is therefore legally regulated. During the alcoholic fermentation SO2 can be produced or consumed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a high variability depending on the strain that accomplish the fermentation. The selection of industrial strains leaving less SO2 at the end of fermentation is therefore of great interest. 

In this study we implemented a QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) mapping program to identify genetic factors that impact SO2 production by yeast during fermentation. This approach requires the study of a large progeny in segregation that must be characterized genetically and phenotypically. The establishment of a statistical link between genotype and phenotype allows the localization of QTLs that have an impact on the characters. 

Small-scale fermentations in 10 ml screw cap vessels coupled with robotized enzymatic allowed us to measure SO2 profile of several hundred individuals from two progenies. These two progenies were also genotyped by whole genome sequencing providing saturated genetic maps of thousands of markers. This experimental design led us to the identification of nine QTLs controlling SO2. Four of them present in MCH1, STR2 and SSU1 genes were molecularly validated. These alleles also show a pleiotropic effect with link between the production of SO2 and acetic acid. In the future, these new alleles can be used in cross breeding programs for the improvement of industrial strains.

DOI:

Publication date: June 10, 2020

Issue: OENO IVAS 2019

Type: Article

Authors

Emilien Peltier (1,2), Maria Martí Raga (1,3), Miguel Roncoroni (4), Vladimir Jiranek (5), Yves Gibon (4), Philippe Marullo (1,2)

(1) Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, F33882 Villenave d’Ornon France
(2) Biolaffort, Bordeaux, France
(3) Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d’Enologia de Tarragona, Spain
(4) Wine Science Programme, University of Auckland, New Zealand
(5) Department of Wine and Food Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
(6) INRA, University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, Villenave d’Ornon, France

Contact the author

Keywords

Yeast, QTL mapping, SO2 

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OENO IVAS 2019

Citation

Related articles…

Analysis of mousy off-flavour wines

Winemakers are increasingly experimenting with new techniques, such as spontaneous fermentation, prolonged yeast contact, higher pH, minimal sulphur dioxid, filtration and clarification or oxidative ageing. Along with this, the risk of microbial spoilage increases, and so the off-flavour mousiness, long time underestimated, is becoming more frequent. Characteristic of the mousy off-flavour is the delayed perception after swallowing the wine. After a few seconds the flavour appears, reminiscent of a dirty mouse cage. There are three known compounds that cause mousy off-flavor: 2-ethyltetrahydropyridine, 2-acetyltetrahydopyridine, and 2-acetylpyrroline. Yeasts such as Dekkera/Brettanomyces and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria like Lactobacillus hilgardii can release these compounds.

Read More

Nitrogen partitioning among vine organs as a consequence of cluster thinning

Agroscope is investigating the impact of yield on nitrogen (N) partitioning in grapevine and on must composition. The mechanism of N assimilation

Read More

Viticultural zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain)

L’AOC Ribeiro est la plus ancienne de Galice (NO de l’Espagne), avec une aire de production potentielle de 3.200 ha. Situé dans la région centrale de la vallée du Miño, le Ribeiro a un climat de tipe maritime tempéré qui se correspond avec la zone climatique II de Winkler.

Read More

The pedoclimatic conditions impact the yeast assimilable nitrogen concentration in the grapevine must and the valorisation of foliarnitrogen fertilisation

Aims: Agroscope investigated the efficiency of nitrogen fertilisation via foliar urea application at veraison with the aim of raising the yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentration in the musts

Read More

Mouthfeel effects due to oligosaccharides within a wine matrix

The mouthfeel of wine is one of the most important aspects of the organoleptic experience of tasting wine. In wine a great deal is known about certain compositional components and how they impact mouthfeel perception, such as phenolics. But there are other components where little is understood, such as oligosaccharides. Saccharides in general are found in very low concentrations with wine, especially compared to conventional foods. There is very little information about how oligosaccharides influence the mouthfeel perception of wine.

Read More