OENO IVAS 2019 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Simplifying the measurement of different forms of cu in wines and strategies for efficient removal

Simplifying the measurement of different forms of cu in wines and strategies for efficient removal

Abstract

Copper (Cu) is known to substantially impact wine stability through oxidative, reductive or colloidal phenomena. Recent work has shown that Cu exists predominantly in a sulfide-bound form, which may act as a potential source of sulfidic off-odours in wine and hence contribute to reductive flavours. The quanti-fication of different forms of copper in wine may allow winemakers to target more effective strategies for the removal of Cu and also to better understand the likelihood of reductive characters emerging in wines during aging.

A simple colorimetric method, utilising bicinchonic acid (BCA), was validated for the determination of the different forms of Cu in white wines, as well as the total Cu concentration in red wine. The determination of total Cu in white wines utilises an addition of excess silver(I) in order to effectively release copper from sulfide and allow quantitative complexation by BCA. The non-sulfide bound form of Cu in the white wine was determined by BCA analysis of the white wine without silver addition. In the case of red wines, a simple digestion procedure eliminated colour prior to subsequent analysis as per the white wines. The total Cu measured by the colorimetric method had an accuracy equivalent to ICPOES and a linear range of 0.04 to 1.0 mg/L. The different forms of Cu measured in white wines agreed with the results obtained by a more laborious electrochemical method.

The removal of different forms of Cu from white and red wine was subsequently studied using membrane filters of various media and pore size, depth filters and PVI/PVP. Only PVI/PVP could efficiently remove both forms of Cu, whilst the filtration techniques displayed activity for removing the sulfide bound form of Cu. Of the membrane filters, nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene media could adsorb sulfide-bound Cu, with little dependence on pore size, but their capacity for removal decreased rapidly with wine filtration volume. Similar results were observed with cellulose-based depth filters, but much greater removal efficiency was observed for cellulose depth filters impregnated with diatomaceous earth. This type of filter had active re-moval of sulfide-bound Cu from larger volumes of wine. The results allow rapid determination of the Cu forms in wine along with the assessment of the best strategies for their removal.

Abbreviations: PVI/PVP, polyvinylimidazole/polyvinylpyrrolidone.

DOI:

Publication date: June 10, 2020

Issue: OENO IVAS 2019

Type: Article

Authors

Nikolaos Kontoudakis Kieran Hirlam, Mark Smith, Paul Smith, Neil Scrimgeour, Paul Bowyer, Eric Wilkes, Andrew Clark

Andrew Clark: Charles Sturt University-National Wine and Grape Industry Centre Eric Wilkes, Neil Scrimgeour, Kieran Hirlam, Mark Smith: The Australian Wine Research Institute Mark Smith: Wine Australia Paul Bowyer: Blue H2O Filtration

Contact the author

Keywords

Copper measurment , Sulfide-bound Cu, Filtration , PVP/PVI 

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OENO IVAS 2019

Citation

Related articles…

AGEING REVEALS THE TERROIR OF AGED RED BORDEAUX WINES REGARDLESS OF THE VINTAGES! TARGETED APPROACH USING ODOROUS COMPOUNDS LEVELS INCLUDING TERPENES AND C13 NORISOPRENOIDS

The chemistry of wine is notably complex and is modified by ageing of the bottles. The composition of wines is the result of vine production (under the influence of vintage, climate and soils); yeast production (under the influence of juice composition and fermentation management); lactic bacteria production (under the influence of young wine composition and malolactic fermentation management); and of the ageing process either in vats, barrels or bottles or both. The composition is linked to the quality perceived by consumers but also to their origin, sometimes associated to the “terroir” concept.

Read More

MAPPING OF GAS-PHASE CO₂ IN THE HEADSPACE OF CHAMPAGNE GLASSES BY USING AN INFRARED LASER SENSOR UNDER STATIC TASTING CONDITIONS

From the chemical angle, Champagne wines are complex hydro-alcoholic mixtures supersaturated with dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂). During the pouring process and throughout the several minutes of tasting, the headspace of a champagne glass is progressively invaded by many chemical species, including gas-phase CO₂ in large majority. CO₂ bubbles nucleated in the glass and collapsing at the champagne surface act indeed as a continuous paternoster lift for aromas throughout champagne or sparkling wine tasting [1]. Nevertheless, inhaling a gas space with a concentration of gaseous CO₂ close to 30% and higher triggers a very unpleasant tingling sensation, the so-called “carbonic bite”, which might completely perturb the perception of the wine’s bouquet.

Read More

Relevance of the polyphenolic profile during oxidative aging in the accumulation and disappearance of oxidative and varietal aromas

The main objective of this work is to study and model the impact of the polyphenolic profile on the stability and quality of wine aroma during oxidative aging.

Read More

Nematode vectors, grape fanleaf virus (GFLV) incidence and free virus vine plants obtaining in “Condado de Huelva” vineyards zone

The « Condado de Huelva » Registered Appellation Origin Mark (RAOM) is located in the Province of Huelva, in the southwest of Andalucía (Spain), being limited by the Atlantic Ocean and the Province of Sevilla. « Zalema », a white high productive grapevine plant is its major cultivar. The predominant rootstocks used are « Rupestris du Lot », « Castel 196-17 », « Couderc 161-49 », Couderc 33-09 », « Richter 110 » and « Millardet 41-B ». Traditionally, « Zalema » cv. has been dedicated to the elaboration of amber, bouquet-flavoured wines and in the last years mainly to young, fruit-flavoured white table wines.

Read More

Nutrients and heavy metals in a vineyard soil under organic, biodynamic and conventional management

Promoting sustainable agricultural practices is one of the challenges of the last decades. Organic and biodynamic viticulture can be an alternative to intensive viticulture, furthermore contributing to reduction of impact on environment and human health and guaranteeing soil preservation and quality products1. The aim of this experimentation was to evaluate the medium and long-term effects of different agronomic practices in viticulture on nutrient availability and heavy metal accumulation in soil.

Read More