terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 THE ODORIFEROUS VOLATILE CHEMICALS BEHIND THE OXIDATIVE AROMA DEGRADATION OF SPANISH RED WINES

THE ODORIFEROUS VOLATILE CHEMICALS BEHIND THE OXIDATIVE AROMA DEGRADATION OF SPANISH RED WINES

Abstract

It is a well-established fact that premature oxidation is noxious for wine aromatic quality and longevity. Although some oxidation-related aroma molecules have been previously identified, there are not works carrying out systematic research about the changes in the profiles of odour-active volatiles during wine oxidation.

Different types of wines in terms of region, grape variety, oak aging and price were subjected to an oxidative aging procedure, sensory analysis, gas-chromatography olfactometry (GC-O) and quantitative analysis. Sensory notes such as dried fruit, cooked vegetables or liquorice-alcohol were oxidation-related. The GCO analysis of the samples with highest oxidation notes, revealed highest levels of four odour zones, which were identified in a dual system GC-O/FID-GC-O/MS as 1,1-diethoxyethane (liquor, strawberry, sweet), 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (fruity, solvent), 3-methylbutanal (solvent, yeasty) and methional (boiled potato, cooked vegetables).

The two aldehydes were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). together with isobutanal, 2-methylbutanal and phenylacetaldehyde. All them were already present in significant amounts before oxidation. However, as they were forming odourless reversible adducts with SO₂ (α-hydroxyalkylsulphonates)1 they were initially non-odour active. However, as free SO₂ disappeared during oxidation² they become odour-active in oxidized samples. Additional quantities were formed during oxidation, most likely by the reaction of wine dicarbonyls with the amino acid precursors. This additional formation was particularly relevant for 2-methylbutanal, followed by methional and isobutanal, while for phenylacetaldehyde and 3-methylbutanal, quantities formed were smaller than those originally present. These results confirm that both, pre-existent levels of Strecker aldehydes and the ability to form them during oxidation, are relevant in wine stability.

Acetals were determined by L-L microextraction followed by GC-MS. Results revealed that during oxidation there is a clear increment on the levels of acetals formed from the condensation of acetaldehyde with ethanol, 2,3-butanediol and glycerol; leading to 1,1-diethoxyethane, 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and several heterocyclic acetals, respectively. Levels formed were high enough to be odour-active. This suggests that the formation of acetals is an essential part of the sensory changes noted during wine oxidation.

 

1. L.C. de Azevedo et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007, 55 (21)
2. M. Bueno, V. Carrascón & V.Ferreira. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2016, 64 (3)

DOI:

Publication date: February 9, 2024

Issue: OENO Macrowine 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

A. M. Aragón-Capone¹, A. de-la-Fuente-Blanco¹, M.P. Saenz-Navajas², V.Ferreira¹, M.Bueno¹
1. Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE), Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Institu-to Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (UNIZAR-CITA).Associated to Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV)(UR-CSIC-GR), c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
2. Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), Departamento de Enología, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.

Contact the author*

Keywords

Chemosensory analysis, Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), Oxidative aging, Wine’s longevity

Tags

IVES Conference Series | oeno macrowine 2023 | oeno-macrowine

Citation

Related articles…

GRAPE SPIRITS FOR PORT WINE PRODUCTION: SCREENING THEIR AROMA PROFILE

Port is a fortified wine, produced from grapes grown in the demarcated Douro region. The fortification process consists in the addition of a grape spirit (77% v/v) to the fermenting juice for fermentation interruption, resulting in remaining residual sugars in the wine and increased alcohol content (19-22%). The approval of grape spirits follows the Appellation (D.O. Port wine) rules1 and it is currently carried out based on analytical control and on sensory evaluation done by the public Institute that upholds the control of the quality of Douro Appellation wines. However, the producers of Port wines would like to have more information about quality markers of grape spirits.

Read More

FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN MONITORING THE WINE PRODUCTION

The complexity of the wine matrix makes the monitoring of the winemaking process crucial. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) along with chemometrics is considered an effective analytical tool combining good accuracy, robustness, high sample throughput, and “green character”. Portable and non-portable FTIR devices are already used by the wine industry for routine analysis. However, the analytical calibrations need to be enriched, and some others are still waiting to be thoroughly developed.

Read More

OENOLOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR THE REMOVAL OF PINKING IN WHITE WINE

The pinking of in white wine is the turning of color from yellow to salmon hue. White wines obtained from certain grape varieties (e.g. Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, Trebbiano di Lugana) showed to be susceptible to pinking [1] that has been evaluated by an assay providing the addition of hydrogen peroxide. Even if its appearance does not seem to affect the sensory properties [2], strategies are necessary for its removal. Nowadays, the treatment with polyvinylpolipirroline (PVPP) was reported to significantly decrease the pink color [3].

Read More

INFLUENCE OF CHITOSAN, ABSCISIC ACID AND BENZOTHIADIAZOLE TREATMENTS ON SAVVATIANO (VITIS VINIFERA L.) WINES VOLATILE COMPOSITION PROFILE

In the last decades the use of bioestimulants in viticulture have been promoted as alternative to conven- tional pesticides. Moreover, as bioestimulants promote the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in grape berries, several studies had investigated their influence on the accumulation of phenolic com- pounds (Monteiro et al., 2022). However, few studies, so far, are focused on the accumulation of the vo- latile compounds and their impact on the produced wines (Giménez-Bañón et al., 2022; Gomez- Plaza et al., 2012; Ruiz Garcia et al., 2014).
This study was conducted in a single vineyard of white autochthonous grapevine variety Savvatia- no (Vitis vinifera L.) in Muses Valley (Askri, Viotia, Greece). Chitosan (CHT), Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Benzothiadiazole (BTH) were applied.

Read More

REVEALING THE ORIGIN OF BORDEAUX WINES WITH RAW 1D-CHROMATOGRAMS

Understanding the composition of wine and how it is influenced by climate or wine-making practices is a challenging issue. Two approaches are typically used to explore this issue. The first approach uses chemical
fingerprints, which require advanced tools such as high-resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional chromatography. The second approach is the targeted method, which relies on the widely available 1-D GC/MS, but involves integrating the areas under a few peaks which ends up using only a small fraction of the chromatogram.

Read More