terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 LARGE SURVEY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WINES RESULTING OF THE PRESSING OF RED WINE MARC. FIRST RESULTS

LARGE SURVEY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WINES RESULTING OF THE PRESSING OF RED WINE MARC. FIRST RESULTS

Abstract

In the Bordeaux vineyards, press red wine represents about 15% of the volume of wines. Valuing this large volume of press wine is necessary from an economic point of view, of course, but also because of their organoleptic contribution to the blend. Nevertheless, there is a lack of recent knowledge on the composition of press wines. This work aims to establish an initial assessment of their composition (aromatic and polyphenolic) and to set up hypothesis on to the links with their sensorial identity.

Measurements and dosages were done in 50 press wines and their associated free-run wines. Wines are monovarietal batch from: cabernet-sauvignon and merlot from Saint-Estèphe, Médoc, France. The vintage is 2021. The production of wines was done in the estate to the classical process. The grapes, picked up and harvested by hand, were destemmed, sorted using an optical sorter and crushed. During vinification, extractions were adapted to each batch by daily tastings. Maceration did not exceed 21 days. After pressing, the wines were kept in oak-barrels. Three months after pressing, all the wines were tasted and were categorized according to their aptitude to be incorporated in the blend of the premium wine. Samples were kept at 12°C in bottles.
For the study of the aromatic composition: dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and its precursors (HS-SPME-GC-MS); higher alcohols (GC-FID) and 33 esters (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were measured. Concerning the analysis of phenolic compounds: anthocyanin monomers (HPLC-UV) and flavonols (HPLC-fluo.) were determined. Indices such as IPT, CieLAB, pH, AT have also been measured.
As expected, the results showed a significant difference between the two grape varieties. For each grape variety, PCA suggest differences between the press wines and the drop wines for all compounds. For the aromatic compounds, total tannins and flavonols: the press wines are more concentrated than the free-run wines. There are no significant differences between the press and free-run wines concerning anthocyanins. More statistical analysis permits to highlight unexpected separation of compounds according to the pressing step. The data also highlight links between the composition and the sensorial categorization.
In conclusion, the study permits to propose a first molecular database and to explore the origins of the sensorial categorization of that wines.
The experiment is renewed during the 2022 harvest and new compounds are added to the database.

DOI:

Publication date: February 9, 2024

Issue: OENO Macrowine 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Margot Larose1,2; Michael Jourdes¹; Eric Boissenot³, Vincent Decup²; Stéphanie Marchand¹

1. ISVV-Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1366 OENOLOGIE, Bordeaux France
2. Château Montrose, Saint-Estèphe France
3. Laboratoire Boissenot, Lamarque, France

Contact the author*

Keywords

Press-wine, Phenolic composition, Aromatic composition, Sensorial categorization

Tags

IVES Conference Series | oeno macrowine 2023 | oeno-macrowine

Citation

Related articles…

UNRAVELING THE CHEMICAL MECHANISM OF MND FORMATION IN RED WINE DURING BOTTLE AGING : IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW GLUCOSYLATED HYDROXYKETONE PRO-PRECURSOR

During bottle aging, the development of wine aroma through low and gradual oxygen exposure is often positive in red wines, but can be unfavorable in many cases, resulting in a rapid loss of fresh, fruity flavors. Prematurely aged wines are marked by intense prune and fig aromatic nuances that dominate the desirable bouquet achieved through aging (Pons et al., 2013). This aromatic defect, in part, is caused by the presence of 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione (MND). MND content was shown to be lower in nonoxidized red wines and higher in oxidized red wines, which systematically exceeds the odor detection threshold (62 ng/L).

Read More

IMPACT OF ACIDIFICATION AT BOTTLING BY FUMARIC ACID ON RED WINE AFTER 2 YEARS

Global warming is responsible for a lack of organic acid in grape berries, leading to wines with higher pH and lower titrable acidity. The chemical, microbiological and organoleptic equilibriums are impacted by this change of organic acid concentration. It is common practice to acidify the wine in order to prevent these imbalances that can lead to wine defects and early spoilage. Tartaric acid (TA) is most commonly used by winemaker for wine acidification purposes. Fumaric acid (FA), which is authorized by the OIV in its member states for the inhibition of malolactic fermentation, could also be used as a potential acidification candidate since it has a better acidifying power than tartaric acid.

Read More

CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK TO PREDICT GENETIC GROUP AND SULFUR TOLERANCE OF BRETTANOMYCES BRUXELLENSIS

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.20.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...
Read More

IDENTIFICATION AND LEVELS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS (TANINS, ANTHO-CYANS) IN RED VARIETAL WINES (PROKUPAC AND BLACK TAMJANIKA) FROM SERBIA

The phenolic compounds of red wines represent a source of numerous benefits for human health, which is why they are a constant subject of scientific research. Winemaking in Serbia has a growing economic significance, with particularly autochthonous varieties included [1]. This research identifies and quantifies phenolic compounds of Serbian red varietal wines of Prokupac and Black Tamjanika varieties. Quantification of the level of phenolics has been conducted, including molecular tannins [(+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin dimers B1, B2, B3, B4], molecular anthocyanins, and the mean degree of polymerization of tannins by HPLC by UV detection, total antioxidant capacity via spectrophotometric methods and chromatic characteristics via CIELAB.

Read More

OPTIMIZING THE IDENTIFICATION OF NEW THIOLS AT TRACE LEVEL IN AGED RED WINES USING NEW OAK WOOD FUNCTIONALISATION STRATEGY

During bottle aging, many thiol compounds are involved in the expression of bouquet of great aged red wines according to the quality of the closure.1,2 Identifying thiol compounds in red wines is a challenging task due several drawbacks including, the complexity of the matrix, the low concentration of these impact compounds and the amount of wine needed.3,4
This work aims to develop a new strategy based on the functionalisation of oak wood organic extracts with H₂S, to produce new thiols, in order to mimic what can happen in red wine during bottle aging. Following this approach and through sensory analysis experiments, we demonstrated that the vanilla-like aroma of fresh oak wood was transformed into intense “meaty” nuances similar to those found in old but non oxidized red wines.

Read More