terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Drought responses in Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc grapevine cultivars: Mechanistic insights and varietal contrasts

Drought responses in Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc grapevine cultivars: Mechanistic insights and varietal contrasts

Abstract

This study explored the responses of Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc grapevine cultivars to water deficit across four years, uncovering their shared patterns and distinctive coping mechanisms. The research was conducted in a commercial vineyard located in Isla de Maipo, Chile. Various characterization approaches were employed including plant water potentials (Y), gas exchange measurements, shoot vulnerability curves, productivity assessments, and leaf cell water relations. Linear mixed models and sensitivity analyses were performed using various statistical methods to evaluate cultivar responses to water deficit. As the water deficit progressed, both cultivars displayed a parallel reduction in stomatal conductance, leaf turgor, and increased shoot embolism. Moreover, both cultivars exhibit a sigmoid decrease in yield as Yleaf declined, highlighting a 50% productivity reduction corresponding to a 50% reduction in stomatal conductance. However, Chardonnay demonstrated higher drought tolerance, achieving more negative Yleaf values during water deficit, with leaf turgor loss occurring at a lower Y threshold. Furthermore, differences in Yleaf between the cultivars stemmed from their distinct drought-coping mechanisms. Chardonnay employed osmotic adjustment to facilitate water movement and maintain turgor, while Sauvignon blanc relied on elastic adjustment to sustain elevated leaf water content. Sensitivity analysis suggests the limited impact of osmotic adjustment on Chardonnay’s Yleaf variability, emphasizing its function as a delayed response to water stress. Conversely, Sauvignon blanc’s higher bulk elastic modulus influences Yleaf fluctuations more prominently, promoting rapid rehydration under water scarcity. These mechanisms determined Yleaf magnitudes, with Sauvignon blanc exhibiting lower stress levels than Chardonnay.

Download the abstract

DOI:

Publication date: June 13, 2024

Issue: Open GPB 2024

Type: Poster

Authors

Felipe Suárez-Vega1*, Felipe Torres-Pérez1, Bastián Silva-Gutiérrez1, Benjamín Velázquez-Pizarro1, J. Antonio Alcalde1, Alonso G. Pérez-Donoso1*

1 Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Contact the author*

Keywords

Grapevine cultivars, water deficit, drought tolerance, osmotic adjustment, bulk elastic modulus

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Open GPB | Open GPB 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Caracterización sensorial y preferencias de los consumidores en vinos de crianza biológica elaborados a diferente graduación alcohólica

Las tendencias actuales del mercado apuntan hacia el consumo de vinos con menor contenido en alcohol, y, por otra parte, de vinos con características especiales y diferenciadoras, siendo los vinos con indicación geográfica o denominación de origen los más demandados.

Read More

Economic comparison of viticultural cultivation systems: evaluating costs across integrated, organic, and biodynamic practices

The cost-effectiveness of a winery requires constant cost control in order to ensure competitiveness on the wine market.

Read More

Understanding aroma loss during partial wine dealcoholization by vacuum distillation

Dealcoholization of wine has gained increasing attention as consumer preferences shift toward lower-alcohol or
alcohol-free beverages. This process meets key demands, including health-conscious lifestyles, regulatory
compliance, and the expanding non-alcoholic market [1-3].

Read More

Radiation-associated effects on regulated deficit irrigation management in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon

The main challenge of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) research is to isolate the factors that come with RDI, the direct effect of plant water status from the indirect ones like increased radiation and temperature changes on the cluster zone. This study aims to isolate the effects of vine water status from the effects of increased radiation on the phenolic composition of grapes subjected to RDI.
A three-year study on an RDI experiment where radiation was controlled was implemented in a commercial vineyard of Cabernet Sauvignon in Chile. Four RDI treatments based on partial evapotranspiration (ET) irrigation were established. Irrigation treatments were 100% ET, 70% ET, 50-100% ET (50% ET before veraison and 100% ET afterward), and 35-100% ET (35% ET before veraison and 100% ET afterward).

Read More

Genotypic differences in early-stage root architectural traits and consequences for water uptake in three grapevine rootstocks differing in drought tolerance

Root architecture (RSA), the spatial-temporal arrangement of a root system in soil, is essential for edaphic resources acquisition by the plant, and thus contributes largely to its productivity and adaptation to environmental stresses, particularly soil water deficit. In grafted grapevine, while the degree of drought tolerance induced by the rootstock has been well documented in the vineyard, information about the underlying physiological processes, particularly at the root level, is scarce, due to the inherent difficulties in observing large root systems in situ. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the phenotypic differences in traits related to root distribution and morphology along the substrate profile in different Vitis rootstocks during early growth, (ii) to assess the plasticity of these traits to soil water deficit and (iii) to quantify their relationships with plant water uptake.

Read More