terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Nitrogen uptake, translocation and YAN in berries upon water deficit in grapevines with contrasting stomatal sensitivity

Nitrogen uptake, translocation and YAN in berries upon water deficit in grapevines with contrasting stomatal sensitivity

Abstract

Nitrogen (N2) is critical in grape berries, especially in organic wine making. After intake, N2 follows various metabolic and allocation routes and, from veraison, partly reallocates into berries. Water deficit affects the N2 nutrition due to a poor diffusion in soil solution and vascular mobilisation. Also, affects photosynthesis and the energy needed for metabolism, whose extent would depend on the stomatal sensitivity of the plant. We have assessed the effect of a moderate water deficit from pea size, in 3 years old field grown potted plants of Chardonnay (CH) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), differing in stomatal sensitivity, on the N2 status of plant parts. Water deficit reduced photosynthesis, leaf area and fresh and dry plant mass along the season, but up to a higher extent in CS. Vcmax, tightly linked with Rubisco, an important N2 sink in leaves, was strongly reduced after water deficit in both varieties, even though the total leaf N2 at harvest was only reduced in CS under deficit. The yeast assimilable nitrogen in berries, on the other hand, was not affected at harvest, but only after the water deficit was imposed in CS, mainly accountable for ammonium, not primary amino acids. Yet, arginine, the most abundant amino acid in CH was affected by water deficit. N2 allocation to berries is highly favoured, despite the reduced capacity for N2 uptake as inferred from the reduced transcript abundance for N2 transporters in active roots. Further discussion will be made based on N2 transporters in plant parts.

DOI:

Publication date: June 13, 2024

Issue: Open GPB 2024

Type: Poster

Authors

Claudio Pastenes1*, Andrea Ávila-Valdés1, Álvaro Peña-Neira1, Carlos Pérez1, Benjamín Rosales1, Marco Garrido1, Reinaldo Campos1, Carol Leiva1, José Ignacio Covarrubias1

1 Affliliation 1 Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas

Contact the author*

Keywords

nitrogen intake, nitrogen transporters, photosynthesis, water deficit, YAN

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Open GPB | Open GPB 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Phenolic extraction during fermentation as affected by ripeness level of Syrah/R99 grapes

L’extraction phénolique au cours de la fermentation à partir de vendanges de différents degrees de maturité du cépage Syrah/R99 a été etudiée. Cette travail fait parti d’un projet focalisé sur la qualité du raisin et des vins obtenus au cours du millésime 2002. Les vignes sont situées à Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud) sur un sol Glenrose

Sensory profile: a tool to characterize originality of wines produced without sulfites

A trend to reduce chemical inputs in wines exists, especially sulfur dioxide (SO2). This additive is widely used due to its antioxidant, antiseptic and antioxidasic properties. During without sulfites vinification, bioprotection by adding yeast on harvest could be a sulfites alternative. With extension of this wine market, sensory impact linked to sulfites absence and/or sulfites alternative should be evaluated. That’s what this approach proposes to do, focusing on sensory characteristics of wines produced with or without SO2 addition during the winemaking process. METHODS: Wines were elaborated from Merlot grapes of two maturity levels according to three modalities: SO2, without SO2 and bioprotection on harvest (mix of Torulaspora delbrueckii and Metschnikowia pulcherrima). SO2 modality was sulfited throughout the winemaking and aging processes whether other modalities received any addition. After two years of aging, sensory studies were carried out with a specific panel for one month. First, descriptors were generated to differentiate the wines, then panelists were trained on these specific descriptors for five sessions and finally wines sensory profiles were elaborated

Development of a new method to understand headspace aroma distribution and explore the pre-sensory level in perceptive interactions involved in red wine fruity aroma expression

A part, at least, of red wines fruity expression may be explained by perceptive interactions involving particularly various substituted ethyl esters and acetates present at concentration far below their olfactory threshold, specifically thanks to synergistic effects. Wine sensory perception is directly linked to the stimulation of the taster at the level of olfactory epithelium by volatiles. These compounds are liberated from the matrix to the atmosphere, and will then be smelt. From a physico-chemical point of view, these volatiles ability to be released may be evaluated by their partition coefficients, which correspond to the volatile concentration ratio between the liquid and gas phase. Our goal is, through these coefficients determination, to assess if volatile matrix composition is able to impact the volatility of some compounds, and then explain sensory perception, i.eto evaluate what is called the pre-sensorial level impact.

THE IMPACT OF NON-SACCHAROMYCES YEASTS ON THE WHITE WINE QUALITY

Selected strains of non-Saccharomyces yeasts showed a positive effect on sensory characteristics and aromatic complexity of wine. A sequential microbial culture of non-Saccharomyces and S. cerevisiae species is usually inoculated due to poorer fermentability of non-Saccharomyces species. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in the production of white wines. We evaluated how individual combinations of sequential inoculations of non-Saccharomyces and S. cerevisiae species affect the aromatic compounds (volatile thiols and esters) and sensory characteristics of the wines.

Evaluation of clonal variability of phenolic compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Trnjak crni grown in Croatia

Context and purpose of the study. Croatia has rich grapevine genetic resources with more than 130 native varieties preserved.