Soil Temperature and Climate Change: Implications for Mediterranean Vineyards 

Increasing drought poses a challenge to viticulture, with complex impacts on grape yield and quality. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in Precision Viticulture offers a valuable tool to detect drought stress, capturing its spatio-temporal variability and thus, supports management strategies.

Vineyards are home to a wide diversity of microorganisms that interact with plants and with each other.

The grapes producing and wine making regions are différent in their use of agricultural, industrial or agroindustrial means. These means are quite often very original and/or specialised; and lately are also quite competitive. Such means are being defined with increased accuracy in the delimitation and definition of its characteristics (Paneque et al., 1996 a). Human action together with other Elements and Agents involved in the vine growing production (Reyner, 1989) over these means lead to agronomic systems with important characteristics. Finally, the transformation of the vine growing production, through different technologies (Fleet, 1992), results in the creation of products with a different acceptance and economical value in the market.

Rootstocks have been used in most of the vineyards for over a century. This may seem to be a long period, but it represents only three successive plantations.

Viticultural management regimes influence the soil elemental profile of a vineyard, determining the microbial community distribution, insect life, and plant biochemistry and physiology