Exploring grapevine water relations in the context of fruit growth at pre- and post-veraison

For many years, enological research has developed commercial formulates of yeast derivatives as stabilizing agents and technological adjuvants in winemaking. These products are obtained from yeast by autolytic, plasmolytic, or hydrolytic processes that liberate many macromolecules from the yeast cell, principally polysaccharides and oligosaccharides and most specifically mannoproteins that are well known for their ability to improve tartaric stability and to reduce the occurrence of protein hazes (Ángeles Pozo-Bayón et al., 2009; Charpentier & Feuillat, 1992; Morata et al., 2018; Palomero et al., 2009).

In this last ten years period, there has been many integrated and interdisciplinary studies to determine the aptitude of different zones to viticulture (Lulli et al., 1989 ; Costantini, 1992 ; Fregoni et al., 1992). The researches needed some différent knowledges about environment characteristics (soil, climate), ecology, vineyard management, vine genetic, winemaking and sensory analysis. The interaction of all these knowledge produced the assessment about the environmental vocation (Scienza et al., 1992). By means of this metodology, the “viticultural vocation” joined the word “zoning”, that is the territory parting for its ecopedological and geographical characteristics in relation to adaptative answer of winegrape (Morlat, 1989).

Grapevine rootstocks have traditionally been chosen in order to manage scion vigour, soil pests and soil conditions. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) has been in use since the turn of the 19th century, over 100 years and still a remarkably stable source of phylloxera (Daktulosphaeria vitifoliae Fitch) resistance. The original source material was probably collected near the Missouri/Mississippi river confluence, a mid-continental but more southerly location in the United States. It has been hypothesized that more northerly selections of V. riparia Michx might improve both fall acclimation rate and depth of the scion, thus mitigating late fall frost and midwinter freeze damage.

La viticulture dans le monde est sous l’étroite dépendance des conditions climatiques. En effet, la culture de la vigne est concentrée entre 30° et 50° de latitude Nord et 30° à 40° de latitude Sud

As an economically important fruit crop, continuous cropping of grapes can potentially impact soil health resulting in decreased yields.