A novel dataset and deep learning object detection benchmark for grapevine pest surveillance

Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L.), one of the most important cultivated fruit crops, is facing significant challenges due to climate change. Specifically, increasing temperatures negatively impact the physiological traits and disrupt plant phenology. Additionally, increased virulence in pathogen attacks and pests leads to significant yield loss, requiring widespread application of plant protection products. Traditional agronomic practices offer only partial mitigation, requiring the development of precise and effective intervention strategies. The economic worth of viticulture has prompted continuous efforts in grapevine genetic improvement programs, traditionally involving conventional breeding and clonal selection that, however, are complex and time-consuming approaches.

Metschnikowia pulcherrima is a well-studied non-conventional oenological yeast due to its positive contributions to winemaking as a bioprotective agent and as an aroma-enhancing starter in sequential fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Binati et al., 2023; Canonico et al., 2023).

The terroir can be considered as a well-defined area where natural conditions such as geomorphology of location, climate, ventilation, sun exposure, rainfall quantity and distribution, and humidity contribute to the production of a wine that is specific to that area and identifiable through the characteristics of the territory of origin (Bonfante and Brillante, 2022).

Achieving intense berry coloration and high phenolic ripeness represents a major challenge in cool climate viticulture, where lower temperatures often limit anthocyanin accumulation and the production of full-bodied red wines.

Armenian brandy is a culturally and economically significant distilled spirit, characterized by a complex sensory profile shaped by autochthonous grapevine varieties, distillation, and barrel aging and blending.