CIEDE2000 colour difference value as a parameter for tracing the ageing process on wood aged spirits

Introduction and objective: the practice of physical exercises in an exhaustive way is related to damage. Muay thai (mt) is a high-intensity sport that demands agility, strength and power, which can lead to fatigue and muscle damage. Grape juice is rich in carbohydrates and antioxidants, which can delay the onset of fatigue and muscle damage. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of white grape juice consumption, during 14 days, on muscle damage parameters in tm athletes.

The traditional pruning system in Piedmont (North-West Italy) is the Guyot system; it requires trained personnel, difficult to find, and it does not permit the mechanization of winter pruning, thus it is very expensive. An alternative technique that could allow the reduction of the vineyard management costs could be the spur-pruning which is simpler to perform and fully mechanized.

The vine is colonized by a multitude of micro-organisms (fungi, bacteria, oomycetes) mainly coming from the microbial reservoir constituted by the soil. These microorganisms have positive or negative effects on the vine (protection against pathogens, resistance to abiotic stress, nutrition, but also triggering of diseases) (Fournier, Pellan et al. 2022). In addition to these functional roles, they respond quickly to environmental changes (climate, cultural practices) which could make them good bioindicators of the functioning of the wine ecosystem.

Pinot Blanc, an important grape variety grown in some mountain areas of Northern Italy such as South Tyrol over the last decades, with its cultivation covering 10.3% of the total vineyards, has compatible climatic conditions (e.g. heat requirements) which are normally found in the geographical areas of the mountain viticulture [1,2,3,4]. Climatic changes are hastening the growth of this variety at higher elevations, particularly for the production of high quality wine.

The recovery of bioactive compounds from grape and wine by-products is currently an important and necessary objective for sustainability. Grape pomace is one of the main by-products and is a rich source of some bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, fatty acids, minerals and seed oil. Polysaccharides contained in the grape cell wall can be rhamnogalacturonans type II (RG-II), polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG), mannoproteins (MP), homogalacturonans (HG) and non pectic polysaccharides (NPP).