terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Unveiling the viticultural heritage of Rachaya, Lebanon: genetic, ampelographic and chemical profiling of local grape varieties

Unveiling the viticultural heritage of Rachaya, Lebanon: genetic, ampelographic and chemical profiling of local grape varieties

Abstract

Located in the Western Bekaa region of Lebanon, Rachaya is renowned for its long history of viticulture and ideal Mediterranean climate for grapevine cultivation. Despite the region’s significance in grape production, knowledge about the local grape varieties remains limited, making it essential to characterize these indigenous cultivars for a better understanding of the area’s viticultural landscape. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of five local grapevine varieties: ‘Obeidy’, ‘Kassoufi’, ‘Fodde’, ‘Halawani’, and ‘Souri’, which were compared to a set of two international varieties. Our study encompassed genetic analysis using 22 SSR markers, morphological assessment based on 15 OIV descriptors related to leaves, bunches, and berries, and chemical profiling of various polyphenol classes in wine, with untargeted chemical discrimination carried out through a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics workflow. This detailed evaluation of the local grapevine gene pool revealed substantial diversity, showing that Lebanese grape varieties are genetically unique, with two out of the five genetic profiles previously undocumented in international databases. Additionally, these varieties exhibited distinct chemical traits. These findings are crucial for valorizing and promoting the sustainable use of these grape varieties, particularly as Lebanon’s wine production sector continues to expand.

Dévoilement du patrimoine viticole de Rachaya, Liban : profilage génétique et chimique des variétés de raisins locales

Située dans la région de la bekaa occidentale du liban, rachaya est connue pour son histoire viticole étendue et ses conditions méditerranéennes idéales pour la culture de la vigne. Malgré l’importance de la région dans la production de raisins, les connaissances sur les variétés locales de raisins qui y sont cultivées sont limitées. Dans ce travail, nous avons mené une analyse détaillée de cinq variétés locales de raisins de la région, obeidy, kassoufi, foddeh, aswadi et maryami, dont on connaît peu de choses actuellement, en comparaison avec un ensemble de variétés internationales. Notre étude a inclus une analyse génétique utilisant 25 marqueurs ssr, une évaluation morphologique avec 15 descripteurs oiv liés à la feuille, à la grappe et à la baie, ainsi que le suivi de la maturité physico-chimique de la baie. Les résultats ont révélé une diversité substantielle du pool génétique de la vigne de rachaya avec des profils génétiques, morphologiques et chimiques distincts. Ces informations sont précieuses pour valoriser et promouvoir l’utilisation durable de ces variétés de raisin, notamment pour la production de vin.

Descubriendo el patrimonio vitícola de Rachaya, Líbano: perfil genético y químico de las variedades de uva locales

Ubicada en la región occidental de bekaa en líbano, rachaya es conocida por su extensa historia de viticultura y las condiciones mediterráneas ideales para el cultivo de la vid. A pesar de la importancia de la zona en la producción de vid, hay un conocimiento limitado sobre las variedades de uva locales cultivadas allí. En este trabajo, realizamos un análisis detallado de cinco variedades locales de vid en la zona: obeidy, kassoufi, foddeh, aswadi y maryami, de las cuales se conoce poco actualmente, en comparación con un conjunto de variedades internacionales. Nuestro estudio incluyó un análisis genético utilizando 25 marcadores ssr, evaluación morfológica con 15 descriptores oiv relacionados con la hoja, el racimo y la baya, y seguimiento de la madurez físico-química de la baya. Los hallazgos revelaron una diversidad sustancial del pool genético de la vid de rachaya con perfiles genéticos, morfológicos y químicos distintivos. Esta información es valiosa para valorizar y promover la utilización sostenible de estas variedades de uva, especialmente para la producción de vino.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Joe Merheb1,2, Emmanuelle Meudec3,4, Catherine Roux2,5, Valerie Laucou2,5, Naim Ouaini6, Marc Beyrouthy7, Joe-Assaad Touma8, Nisrine Karam1, Thierry Lacombe2,5, Nicolas Sommerer3,4, Patrice This2,5, and Lamis Chalak1

1 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, The Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
2 UMR AGAP Institute, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
3 SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
4 INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, PFP Polyphenol Analysis Facility, Montpellier, France
5 UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
6 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Lebanon
7 Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Lebanon
8 Chateau St. Thomas, Kab Elias, Lebanon.

Contact the author*

Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Produce wines with no quantifiable phytosanitary residues – Impact of washing grapes?

Consumer expectations are increasingly shifting towards “residue-free wines.” However, from an analytical standpoint, “zero” does not exist. Laboratories often use the quantification limits of analysis methods to signify ‘zero.’ Improved techniques now allow for the quantification of levels that were previously undetectable. This is why we prefer to use the term “unquantifiable residue” rather than “absence of residues.”

Generation of radicals in wine by cavitation and study of their interaction with metals, phenols and carboxylic acids

High-power ultrasounds have been related to an accelerated aging of wines, an effect that has been associated to the formation of radical species caused by the cavitation phenomenon [1]. This phenomenon consists of the formation of bubbles in the liquid medium that, when they collapse, cause high-pressure hot spots and temperatures of up to 4800 k [2], notably increasing the reactivity in the medium.

Smart microgrid: how to reduce costs and CO2 emissions in wineries and vineyards

The wine sector is greatly threatened by climate change, but is also one of its contributors.

A new winemaking technology: fermentation, aging and bottling without added additives and preservatives

Auric infinity Technology introduces three new patented products designated for fermentation, aging and bottling without added additives and preservatives that have never been used in the winemaking industry.

Promoting sustainability in Mediterranean agriculture: insights from the Portuguese vine & wine sector

Agroecology is an integrated approach that simultaneously applies ecological and social concepts and principles to redesign and manage food and agricultural systems, promoting agroecosystems with the necessary biological, socio-economic, and institutional diversity and alignment to support greater efficiency. Thus, several studies have been carried out at promoting the adoption of more agroecological practices among farmers and a wider audience concerning soil conservation and health maintenance.