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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Unveiling the viticultural heritage of Rachaya, Lebanon: genetic, ampelographic and chemical profiling of local grape varieties

Unveiling the viticultural heritage of Rachaya, Lebanon: genetic, ampelographic and chemical profiling of local grape varieties

Abstract

Located in the Western Bekaa region of Lebanon, Rachaya is renowned for its long history of viticulture and ideal Mediterranean climate for grapevine cultivation. Despite the region’s significance in grape production, knowledge about the local grape varieties remains limited, making it essential to characterize these indigenous cultivars for a better understanding of the area’s viticultural landscape. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of five local grapevine varieties: ‘Obeidy’, ‘Kassoufi’, ‘Fodde’, ‘Halawani’, and ‘Souri’, which were compared to a set of two international varieties. Our study encompassed genetic analysis using 22 SSR markers, morphological assessment based on 15 OIV descriptors related to leaves, bunches, and berries, and chemical profiling of various polyphenol classes in wine, with untargeted chemical discrimination carried out through a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics workflow. This detailed evaluation of the local grapevine gene pool revealed substantial diversity, showing that Lebanese grape varieties are genetically unique, with two out of the five genetic profiles previously undocumented in international databases. Additionally, these varieties exhibited distinct chemical traits. These findings are crucial for valorizing and promoting the sustainable use of these grape varieties, particularly as Lebanon’s wine production sector continues to expand.

Dévoilement du patrimoine viticole de Rachaya, Liban : profilage génétique et chimique des variétés de raisins locales

Située dans la région de la bekaa occidentale du liban, rachaya est connue pour son histoire viticole étendue et ses conditions méditerranéennes idéales pour la culture de la vigne. Malgré l’importance de la région dans la production de raisins, les connaissances sur les variétés locales de raisins qui y sont cultivées sont limitées. Dans ce travail, nous avons mené une analyse détaillée de cinq variétés locales de raisins de la région, obeidy, kassoufi, foddeh, aswadi et maryami, dont on connaît peu de choses actuellement, en comparaison avec un ensemble de variétés internationales. Notre étude a inclus une analyse génétique utilisant 25 marqueurs ssr, une évaluation morphologique avec 15 descripteurs oiv liés à la feuille, à la grappe et à la baie, ainsi que le suivi de la maturité physico-chimique de la baie. Les résultats ont révélé une diversité substantielle du pool génétique de la vigne de rachaya avec des profils génétiques, morphologiques et chimiques distincts. Ces informations sont précieuses pour valoriser et promouvoir l’utilisation durable de ces variétés de raisin, notamment pour la production de vin.

Descubriendo el patrimonio vitícola de Rachaya, Líbano: perfil genético y químico de las variedades de uva locales

Ubicada en la región occidental de bekaa en líbano, rachaya es conocida por su extensa historia de viticultura y las condiciones mediterráneas ideales para el cultivo de la vid. A pesar de la importancia de la zona en la producción de vid, hay un conocimiento limitado sobre las variedades de uva locales cultivadas allí. En este trabajo, realizamos un análisis detallado de cinco variedades locales de vid en la zona: obeidy, kassoufi, foddeh, aswadi y maryami, de las cuales se conoce poco actualmente, en comparación con un conjunto de variedades internacionales. Nuestro estudio incluyó un análisis genético utilizando 25 marcadores ssr, evaluación morfológica con 15 descriptores oiv relacionados con la hoja, el racimo y la baya, y seguimiento de la madurez físico-química de la baya. Los hallazgos revelaron una diversidad sustancial del pool genético de la vid de rachaya con perfiles genéticos, morfológicos y químicos distintivos. Esta información es valiosa para valorizar y promover la utilización sostenible de estas variedades de uva, especialmente para la producción de vino.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Joe Merheb1,2, Emmanuelle Meudec3,4, Catherine Roux2,5, Valerie Laucou2,5, Naim Ouaini6, Marc Beyrouthy7, Joe-Assaad Touma8, Nisrine Karam1, Thierry Lacombe2,5, Nicolas Sommerer3,4, Patrice This2,5, and Lamis Chalak1

1 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, The Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
2 UMR AGAP Institute, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
3 SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
4 INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, PFP Polyphenol Analysis Facility, Montpellier, France
5 UMT Geno-Vigne®, IFV, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
6 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Lebanon
7 Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Lebanon
8 Chateau St. Thomas, Kab Elias, Lebanon.

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Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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