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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 The heritage behind the very old vineyards – the novelty with tradition for the future 

The heritage behind the very old vineyards – the novelty with tradition for the future 

Abstract

In Portugal, the prospection and conservation of representative samples of intra-varietal variability of grapevine has been carried out for 46 years, and in 2010 an infrastructure was created for the conservation of all these genetic resources – the portuguese association for grapevine diversity (porvid) experimental centre for the conservation of grapevine diversity. The aim is to save the genetic identity of ancient varieties to prevent their imminent loss and to preserve the raw material for current and future selections, thus adding economic value and sustainability to the vine and wine sector. Since 2022, prospecting efforts have been intensified in old vineyards, particularly those exceeding 100 years in age. The aim is to conserve a total of 50,000 accessions ex situ, of all portuguese vine varieties, by the end of 2025, with a minimum of 70 accessions per growing region of each variety whenever possible. During the intensive prospection carried out in the last two years (2022 and 2023), about 8000 accessions were prospected, of which 267 were found and conserved with doubtful identification according to ampelographic criteria. These accessions were subjected to genetic fingerprinting by srr markers. Fourteen ssrs were selected, nine of which are recommended by the oiv for the genetic identification of grapevine: vvs2; vvmd5; vvmd7; vvmd25; vvmd27; vvmd28; vvmd32; vrzag62; and vrzag79. To improve the robustness of the parental analysis for these unidentified accessions, five additional ssrs were selected from previous studies (laucou et al., 2011; lacombe et al., 2013) according to their genetic map positions: vvib01; vvih54; vvin16; vvip60; and vviq52. The analysis revealed 40 profiles not listed in the vitis international variety catalogue (vivc) database, 20 of which were found for several accessions. Among these 20 new profiles, some were found for the first time and others were identical to profiles already found in a previous work carried out on the accessions conserved in the porvid collection (gonçalves et al., 2023) and not included in the vivc database. Several accessions with the same profile were found in different locations and regions of portugal, demonstrating that this is an ancient variety cultivated in the past with a wide geographical coverage. The search for ancient varieties lost in very old vineyards will continue in 2024 and 2025. This work shows that many old vineyards have a hidden heritage that needs to be recovered and then preserved in ex situ collections. This strategy will prevent the imminent loss of such germplasm, adding economic value and sustainability to the vine and wine sector. The intra-varietal variability of the recovered ancient grapevine varieties will be an important tool to meet the current and future challenges of viticulture with tradition and history.  Keywords: unknown varieties, ancient varieties, genetic resources, genetic conservation  acknowledgments: this research was funded by the projects “salvar a diversidade intravarietal de variedades de videira autóctones” (prr-c05-i03-000016) and “biograpesustain” (c644866286-011, prr – agendas mobilizadoras, b6.1).

References: gonçalves e. Et al. Large-scale screening of unknown varieties in a grapevine intra-varietal variability collection. Bio web conferences. 68, 01015 (2023); laucou, v., lacombe, t., dechesne, f. Et al. High throughput analysis of grape genetic diversity as a tool for germplasm collection management. Theoretical applied genetics. 122, 1233–1245 (2011); lacombe, t., boursiquot, jm., laucou, v. Et al. Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera l.). Theoretical applied genetics. 126, 401–414 (2013).

Le patrimoine derrière les très vieux vignobles – la nouveauté avec la tradition pour l’avenir

Au portugal, la prospection et la conservation d’échantillons représentatifs de la variabilité intra-variétale de la vigne sont menées depuis 46 ans. En 2010, une infrastructure a été créée pour la conservation de toutes ces ressources génétiques: le centre expérimental pour la conservation de la diversité de la vigne de association portugaise pour la diversité de la vigne (porvid). L’objectif est de sauvegarder l’identité génétique des variétés anciennes afin d’éviter leur disparition imminente et de préserver la matière première pour les sélections actuelles et futures, ajoutant ainsi une valeur économique et une durabilité au secteur de la vigne et du vin.  Depuis 2022, les efforts de prospection ont été intensifiés dans les vieux vignobles, en particulier ceux qui ont plus de 100 ans. L’objectif est de conserver un total de 50 000 accessions ex situ de toutes les variétés de vignes portugaises d’ici à la fin de 2025, avec un minimum de 70 accessions par région de culture de chaque variété, dans la mesure du possible.  Au cours de la prospection intensive réalisée au cours des deux dernières années (2022 et 2023), environ 8 000 accessions ont été prospectées, dont 267 ont été trouvées et conservées avec une identification douteuse selon les critères ampélographiques. Ces accessions ont été soumises à une empreinte génétique par des marqueurs srr. Quatorze ssr ont été sélectionnés, dont neuf sont recommandés par l’oiv pour l’identification génétique de la vigne: vvs2; vvmd5; vvmd7; vvmd25; vvmd27; vvmd28; vvmd32; vrzag62; et vrzag79.  Afin d’améliorer la robustesse de l’analyse parentale pour ces accessions non identifiées, cinq ssr supplémentaires ont été sélectionnés à partir d’études antérieures (laucou et al., 2011; lacombe et al., 2013) en fonction de leur position sur la carte génétique: vvib01; vvih54; vvin16; vvip60; et vviq52.  L’analyse a révélé 40 profils non répertoriés dans la base de données du vitis international variety catalogue (vivc), dont 20 ont été trouvés pour plusieurs accessions. Parmi ces 20 nouveaux profils, certains ont été trouvés pour la première fois et d’autres étaient identiques à des profils déjà trouvés dans un travail antérieur réalisé sur les accessions conservées dans la collection porvid (gonçalves et al., 2023) et non inclus dans la base de données vivc. Plusieurs accessions présentant le même profil ont été trouvées dans différentes localités et régions du portugal, ce qui montre qu’il s’agit d’une variété ancienne cultivée dans le passé avec une large expansion géographique. La recherche de variétés anciennes perdues dans de très vieux vignobles se poursuivra en 2024 et 2025.  Ce travail montre que de nombreux vignobles anciens possèdent un patrimoine caché qu’il convient de récupérer et de préserver dans des collections ex situ. Cette stratégie permettra d’éviter la perte imminente de ce matériel génétique, ce qui ajoutera de la valeur économique et de la durabilité au secteur de la vigne et du vin. La variabilité intra-variétale des anciennes variétés de vigne récupérées sera un outil important pour relever les défis actuels et futurs d’une viticulture respectueuse des traditions et de l’histoire.  Mots clés: variétés inconnues, variétés anciennes, ressources génétiques, conservation génétique  remerciements: cette recherche a été financée par les projets “salvar a diversidade intravarietal de variedades de videira autóctones” (prr-c05-i03-000016) et “biograpesustain” (c644866286-011, prr – agendas mobilizadoras, b6.1).

Références: gonçalves e. Et al. Large-scale screening of unknown varieties in a grapevine intra-varietal variability collection. Bio web conferences. 68, 01015 (2023); laucou, v., lacombe, t., dechesne, f. Et al. High throughput analysis of grape genetic diversity as a tool for germplasm collection management. Theoretical applied genetics. 122, 1233-1245 (2011); lacombe, t., boursiquot, jm., laucou, v. Et al. Large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera l.). Theoretical applied genetics. 126, 401-414 (2013).

La herencia detrás de los viñedos muy viejos – la novedad con tradición para el future

En portugal, la prospección y conservación de muestras representativas de la variabilidad intravarietal de la vid se ha hecho durante 46 años, y en 2010 se creó una infraestructura para la conservación de todos estos recursos genéticos: el centro experimental de conservación de la diversidad de la vid de asociación portuguesa para la diversidad de la vid (porvid). el objetivo es salvar la identidad genética de las variedades antiguas para evitar su pérdida inminente y preservar la materia prima para las selecciones actuales y futuras, añadiendo así valor económico y sostenibilidad al sector de la vid y el vino.  desde 2022, se han intensificado los esfuerzos de prospección en viñedos viejos, especialmente en aquellos que superan los 100 años. el objetivo es conservar un total de 50.000 accesiones ex situ, de todas las variedades de vid portuguesas, para finales de 2025, con un mínimo de 70 accesiones por región productora de cada variedad siempre que sea posible.  durante la prospección intensiva llevada a cabo en los dos últimos años (2022 y 2023), se prospectaron unas 8000 accesiones, de las cuales 267 se encontraron y conservaron con identificación dudosa según criterios ampelográficos. estas accesiones se sometieron a la huella genética mediante marcadores ssr. se seleccionaron catorce ssr, nueve de los cuales están recomendados por la oiv para la identificación genética de la vid. se trata de los siguientes vvs2; vvmd5; vvmd7; vvmd25; vvmd27; vvmd28; vvmd32; vrzag62; y vrzag79. para mejorar la solidez del análisis parental para estas accesiones no identificadas, se seleccionaron cinco ssr adicionales de estudios anteriores (laucou et al., 2011; lacombe et al., 2013) según sus posiciones en el mapa genético: vvib01; vvih54; vvin16; vvip60; y vviq52.  los análisis revelaron 40 perfiles que no figuraban en la base de datos del catálogo internacional de variedades de vitis (vivc), 20 de los cuales se encontraron para varias accesiones. entre estos 20 nuevos perfiles, algunos se encontraron por primera vez y otros eran idénticos a perfiles ya encontrados en un trabajo anterior realizado sobre las accesiones conservadas en la colección porvid (gonçalves et al., 2023) y no incluidos en la base de datos vivc. se encontraron varias accesiones con el mismo perfil en diferentes localidades y regiones de portugal, lo que demuestra que se trata de una variedad antigua cultivada en el pasado con una amplia cobertura geográfica. la búsqueda de variedades antiguas perdidas en viñedos muy antiguos continuará en 2024 y 2025.  este trabajo demuestra que muchos viñedos antiguos tienen un patrimonio oculto que es necesario recuperar y luego preservar en colecciones ex situ. esta estrategia evitará la pérdida inminente de dicho germoplasma, añadiendo valor económico y sostenibilidad al sector de la vid y el vino. la variabilidad intravarietal de las variedades antiguas de vid recuperadas será una herramienta importante para afrontar los retos actuales y futuros de una viticultura con tradición y historia.  palabras clave: variedades desconocidas, variedades antiguas, recursos genéticos, conservación genética  agradecimientos: esta investigación ha sido financiada por los proyectos “salvar a diversidade intravarietal de variedades de videira autóctones” (prr-c05-i03-000016) y “biograpesustain” (c644866286-011, prr – agendas mobilizadoras, b6.1).

Referencias: gonçalves e. et al. large-scale screening of unknown varieties in a grapevine intra-varietal variability collection. bio web conferences. 68, 01015 (2023); laucou, v., lacombe, t., dechesne, f. et al. high throughput analysis of grape genetic diversity as a tool for germplasm diversity as a tool for germplasm collection management. theoretical applied genetics. 122, 1233-1245 (2011); lacombe, t., boursiquot, jm., laucou, v. et al. large-scale parentage analysis in an extended set of grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera l.). theoretical applied genetics. 126, 401-414 (2013).

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

David Faísca-Silva¹, Teresa Pinto², Vanda Pedroso³, Antero Martins¹,², Elsa Gonçalves¹,²

¹ Leaf—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Associated Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
² Associação Portuguesa para a Diversidade da Videira – Porvid, Lisboa, Portugal
³ Comissão de Coordenação de Desenvolvimento Regional do Centro, Centro de Estudos Vitivinícolas do Dão, Nelas, Portugal

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IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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