terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Isotopes to distinguish production system in Brazilian viticulture

Isotopes to distinguish production system in Brazilian viticulture

Abstract

Organic viticulture integrates practices aimed at foresting positive relationships among, vines, soil, and climate, with a focus on sustainability, social responsibility, and environmental protection. To safeguard production integrity, regulatory bodies worldwide conduct organic certifications in accordance with relevant regulations. Considering that agriculture practices influence the nitrogen, carbon and oxygen isotope composition, the study aimed to investigate the response of these isotopes in grape must cultivated by organic, biodynamic and conventional methods to distinguish between production systems. This study was conducted during the 2021 harvest in 20 vineyards located in rio grande do sul, a region in southern brazil, and analysed 120 grape samples that included 60 grapes organic (12 of which were biodynamic) and 60 conventional systems. Samples were collected from three different points within each vineyard, with also evaluation of 12 grape juice, six organic and six conventional. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the values of δ15n between the farming methods, distinguishing organic and conventional grapes. The mean values of δ15n for organic and conventional grapes were 7.46 ± 2.96 ‰ and 2.40 ± 1.08 ‰, respectively. The values for grapes produced by biodynamic system ranged from 7.71 to 11.21 ‰, exhibiting also significant differences compared to the conventional system. Similarly, carbon also exhibited superior values for organic (-26.00 ± 0.71 ‰) in relation to conventional grapes (-27.46 ± 0.75 ‰). The relationship between δ15n and δ13c reflected three distinct groups, confirming differentiation, and also showed an intermediated group indicating that the transition period from conventional to organic, probably, was not sufficient to eliminate the synthetic nitrogen from soil. However, oxygen did not differentiate between the farming systems. Analysis of grape juice showed δ15n values aligned with those of the grapes in each category. Based on the findings, nitrogen and carbon isotope show significant potential for determining grape production systems, promising tool for authenticity control, consumer protection, value addition to organic products, and enhancement of organic certification control.

Isotopi per distinguere il sistema di produzione nella viticoltura brasiliana

La viticoltura biologica integra pratiche che mirate a favorite relazioni positive tra viti, suolo e clima, con un focus sulla sostenibilità, la responsabilità sociale e la protezione ambientale. Per salvaguardare l’integrità della produzione, gli enti regolatori in tutto il mondo conducono certificazioni biologiche in conformità alle normative pertinenti. Considerando che le pratiche agricole influenzano la composizione isotopica dell’azoto, del carbonio e dell’ossigeno, lo studio si è proposto di investigare la risposta di questi isotopi nel mosto d’uva coltivato con metodi biologici, biodinamici e convenzionali al fine di distinguere tra sistemi di produzione. Questo studio è stato condotto durante la vendemmia del 2021 in 20 vigneti situati in rio grande do sul, una regione nel sud del brasile, e ha analizzato 120 campioni d’uva che includevano 60 uve biologiche (di cui 12 biodinamici) e 60 convenzionali. I campioni sono stati raccolti da tre punti diversi di ciascun vigneto con anche la valutazione di 12 succhi d’uva, sei biologici e sei convenzionali. L’analisi statistica ha rivelato differenze signicative nei valori di δ15n tra i metodi di coltivazione, distinguendo uve biologiche e convenzionali. I valori medi di δ15n per uve biologiche e convenzionali erano rispettivamente 7,46 ± 2,96 ‰ e 2,40 ± 1,08 ‰. I valori per le uve prodotte dal sistema biodinamico variavano da 7,71 a 11,21 ‰, mostrando anche differenze significative rispetto al sistema convenzionale. Allo stesso modo, anche il carbonio mostrava valori superiori per le uve biologiche (-26,00 ± 0,71 ‰) rispetto alle uve convenzionali (-27,46 ± 0,75 ‰). La relazione tra δ15n e δ13c riflletteva tre gruppi distinti, confermando la differenziazione, e mostrava anche un gruppo intermedio che indicava che il periodo di transizione dal metodo convenzionale a quello biologico, probabilmente, non era sufficiente per eliminare l’azoto sintetico dal suolo. Tuttavia, l’ossigeno non differenziva tra i sistemi di coltivazione. L’analisi del succo d’uva mostrava valori di δ15n allineati con quelli delle uve in ciascuna categoria. Sulla base dei resultati, gli isotopi di azoto e carbonio mostrano un significativo potenziale per determinare i sistemi di produzione dell’uva, rappresentando uno strumento promettente per il controllo dell’authenticità, la protezione dei consumatori, l’aggiunta di valore ai prodotti biologici e il migliogamento del controllo della certificazione biologica.

Isótopos para distinguir el sistema de producción en la viticultura brasileña

La viticultura orgánica integra prácticas a fomentar relaciones positivas entre vides, suelo y clima, con enfoque en la sostenibilidad, responsabilidad social y protección ambiental. Para proteger la integridad de la producción, los organismos reguladores en todo el mundo llevan a cabo certificaciones orgánicas de acuerdo con las regulaciones pertinentes. Considerando que las prácticas agrícolas influyen en la composición isotópica de nitrógeno, carbono y oxígeno, el estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la respuesta de estos isótopos en mostos de uva cultivados por sistemas orgánicos, biodinámicos y convencionales para diferenciar entre los sistemas de producción. Este estudio se realizó durante la cosecha de 2021 en 20 viñedos ubicados en rio grande do sul, una región del sur de brasil, y analizó 120 muestras de uva, que incluyeron 60 orgánicas (12 de las cuales biodinámicas) y 60 convencionales. Las muestras se recolectaron en tres puntos distintos en cada viñedo con evaluación también de 12 jugos de uva, seis orgánicos y seis convencionales. El análisis estadístico reveló diferencias significativas en los valores de δ15n entre los métodos de cultivo, distinguiendo las uvas orgánicas y convencionales. Los valores medios de δ15n para las uvas orgánicas y convencionales fueron de 7,46 ± 2,96 ‰ y 2,40 ± 1,08 ‰, respectivamente. Los valores para las uvas producidas por el sistema biodinámico oscilaron entre 7,71 y 11,21 ‰, mostrando diferencias significativas en comparación con el sistema convencional. Del mismo modo, el carbono también mostró valores de δ13c superiores para las uvas orgánicas (-26,00 ± 0,71 ‰) en relación con las uvas convencionales (-27,46 ± 0,75 ‰). La relación entre δ15n y δ13c reflejó dos grupos distintos, confirmando la diferenciación, y también presentó un grupo intermedio señalando que el periodo de transición entre orgánico y convencional probablemente no fue suficiente para eliminar el nitrógeno sintético del suelo. Sin embargo, el oxígeno no diferenció los sistemas de cultivo. En el análisis de jugo de uva, los valores de δ15n se alinearon con los de las uvas en cada categoría. Basándose en los hallazgos, el nitrógeno y el carbono presentan un potencial significativo para determinar el sistema de cultivo de la uva. Esto se convierte en una herramienta prometedora para el control de la autenticidad, la protección de los consumidores, la adición de valor a los productos orgánicos y la mejora del control de la certificación orgánica.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Letícia Leonardelli¹, Susiane Leonardelli², Joséli Schwambach¹

¹ Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, 1130, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
² Laboratório de Referência Enológica Evanir da Silva, Avenida da Vindima, 1855, Caxias do Sul, Brazil

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Assessing the benefits of irrigation access: the case of Southern France vineyards

Agriculture worldwide is threatened by climate change. In particular, declining water resource availability combined with increasing water demand is a key challenge in many rainfed areas, where irrigation appears to be a straightforward adaptation option. In this context, assessing the impacts of irrigation adoption on farm yields and incomes is a necessary step to reflect on the impact of both ex-post and ex-ante policies.

Towards understanding the mechanisms of resistance to grapevine flavescence dorée

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a very serious grapevine disease, classified as quarantine in europe, where it appeared in the middle of the last century. It is associated with the presence of phytoplasmas, transmitted in the vineyard by a leafhopper of american origin, scaphoideus titanus. FD causes severe wine production losses and often leads to plant death. There are currently no alternative solutions to insecticide treatments against the vector and uprooting diseased vines.

Using unmanned aerial vehicle with multispectral camara to efficiently and precisely monitor the incidence of downy mildew and technical maturity of beibinghong (vitis amurensis Rpru.) grapes 

Multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been successfully applied in monitoring vine vegetative growth, however, there are still potential relationships between remote sensing vegetation indexes (vis) and vine condition or grape quality, so it is worthy a deeper investigation to make a better use of UAV. One of the purposes of the study is to find out vis that could denote the severity of downy mildew (DM), so that precise and differentiated control strategies would be adopted subsequently.

High pressure homogenization of wine lees. A tool to streamline the management of wine ageing

Aging on lees (AOL) has been used for wine aging for a long time, thanks to its ability to modify wine composition, improving sensory characteristics and stability. However, the prolonged contact with fermentation lees may increase the risk of developing sensory defects, due to the growth of unwanted microorganisms. Furthermore, AOL requires a large amount of work to manage bâtonnage and for topping up the barrels, significantly increasing production costs.

Exploring the impact of grape pressing on must and wine composition

Pressing has a relevant impact on the characteristics of the must and subsequently on white wines produced [1]. Therefore, the adequate management of pressing can lead to the desired extraction of phenols and other grape compounds (i.e. Organic acids), aromas and their precursors, allowing the production of balanced wines [2]. This aspect is especially important to sparkling wine where the acidity and pH, and the content of phenols affect its longevity and the expected sensory character.