terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Economy and law 9 Technical efficiency and socio-environmental sustainability in the wine sector: tradeoff or complementarity? Evidence from Italy

Technical efficiency and socio-environmental sustainability in the wine sector: tradeoff or complementarity? Evidence from Italy

Abstract

In recent decades, sustainability has risen to prominence across various industries, including agriculture, spurred by initiatives such as the new common agricultural policy and the farm to fork strategy within the european union. Among agricultural activities, viticulture stands as a crucial player in sustainability, intertwining environmental, social, and economic dimensions, as exemplified by the oiv general principles of sustainable viticulture. Italy, one of the main players in the global wine market, has long been making efforts towards the introduction of sustainability-oriented practices and certifications. Nevertheless, there is a pressing call for innovation and efficiency, reflected by the growing interest for topics like precision viticulture, waste reduction and energy use, which suggests the potential for addressing together challenges associated with both economic (e.g., rising costs, market competition) and environmental (e.g., climate change) concerns. Against this backdrop, our study investigates the relationship between efficiency (understood as the ratio of productive inputs to output) and socio-environmental sustainability (e.g. Pesticides use, organic certification) in italian wineries, drawing from data within the italian farm accountancy data network (rica). Through stochastic frontier analysis, we measure technical efficiency and explore the impact of socio-environmental sustainability factors. Our analysis encompasses a balanced panel dataset of 1027 italian wineries specialized in quality wine (DOC/DOCG) production over the years 2021 and 2022. As expected, findings reveal that external factors such as geographical conditions (e.g., region and altitude) significantly influence efficiency levels. Moreover, there is a positive relationship between company size and efficiency, consistent with previous studies (Sellers & Alampi-Sottini, 2016; Urso et al. 2018). Regarding sustainability attributes, a comparison between wineries engaged in transformation activities and those that are not reveals notable differences in production orientation. Despite demonstrating a greater interest in organic certification and diversification activities, the former exhibit lower efficiency levels compared to the latter. Demographic variables like age and gender do not seem to have a significant influence on efficiency. However, the positive impact of eligibility for agro-climatic-environmental payments, although needing further analysis, appears promising. This suggests that participation in eco-schemes under the cap may not have a detrimental effect on productive efficiency. In conclusion, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between economic performance and socio-environmental sustainability within the italian wine sector. The convergence of these two elements represents the main challenge to tackle the future of the italian and european wine industry.

Efficacité technique et durabilité socio-environnementale dans le secteur vinicole : compromis ou complémentarité ? Evidence d’Italie

Au cours des dernières décennies, la durabilité est devenue un enjeu majeur dans divers secteurs, y compris l’agriculture, stimulée par des initiatives telles que la nouvelle politique agricole commune et la stratégie farm to fork au sein de l’union européenne. Parmi les activités agricoles, la viticulture joue un rôle crucial dans la durabilité, en entremêlant des dimensions environnementales, sociales et économiques, comme le montrent les principes généraux de la viticulture durable de l’oiv. L’italie, l’un des acteurs principaux sur le marché mondial du vin, a depuis longtemps entrepris de nombreux efforts en vue de l’introduction de pratiques et de certifications orientées vers la durabilité. Néanmoins, il existe un appel pressant à l’innovation et à l’efficacité, reflété par l’intérêt croissant pour des sujets tels que la viticulture de précision, la réduction des déchets et l’utilisation de l’énergie, ce qui suggère le potentiel de relever ensemble les défis liés à la fois aux aspects économiques (par exemple, l’augmentation des coûts, la concurrence sur le marché) et environnementaux (par exemple, le changement climatique). Dans ce contexte, notre étude se penche sur la relation entre l’efficacité (comprise comme le rapport entre les facteurs de production et la production) et la durabilité socio-environnementale (ex. Utilisation de pesticides, certification biologique) dans les domaines vinicoles italiens, en s’appuyant sur les données du réseau comptable agricole italien (rica). Grâce à la méthodologie stochastic frontier analysis, nous mesurons l’efficacité technique et explorons l’impact des facteurs de durabilité socio-environnementale. Notre analyse englobe un ensemble de données équilibré des 1027 domaines vinicoles italiens spécialisés dans la production de vin de qualité (DOC/DOCG) au cours des années 2021 et 2022. Comme prévu, les résultats révèlent que des facteurs externes tels que les conditions géographiques (par exemple, région et altitude) influencent significativement les niveaux d’efficacité. De plus, il existe une corrélation positive entre la taille de l’entreprise et l’efficacité, conforme à des études antérieures (Sellers & Alampi-Sottini, 2016; Urso et al. 2018). En ce qui concerne les attributs de durabilité, une comparaison entre les domaines vinicoles engagés dans des activités de transformation et ceux qui ne le sont pas révèle des différences notables dans l’orientation de la production. Malgré un intérêt accru pour la certification biologique et les activités de diversification, les premiers présentent des niveaux d’efficacité inférieurs aux seconds. Les variables démographiques telles que l’âge et le genre ne semblent pas avoir une influence significative sur l’efficacité. Cependant, l’impact positif de l’éligibilité aux paiements agro-climatiques-environnementaux, bien qu’il nécessite une analyse plus approfondie, semble prometteur. Cela suggère que la participation aux éco-programmes dans le cadre de la pac pourrait ne pas avoir d’effet néfaste sur l’efficacité productive. En conclusion, notre étude contribue à une compréhension plus approfondie de l’interaction complexe entre la performance économique et la durabilité socio-environnementale dans le secteur vinicole italien. Elle met en évidence le double défi auquel l’industrie est confrontée : optimiser la productivité tout en faisant progresser les objectifs de durabilité. La convergence de ces deux éléments constitue le principal défi à relever pour l’avenir de l’industrie vitivinicole italienne et européenne.

Efficienza tecnica e sostenibilità socio-ambientale nel settore vitivinicolo: scontro o complementarietà? Evidenze dall’Italia
Negli ultimi anni la sostenibilità ha guadagnato progressivamente rilevanza nel settore agricolo dell’unione europea, supportata da iniziative come la nuova politica agricola comune e la strategia farm to fork. Tra le varie attività agricole, la viticoltura si configura come un settore cruciale nelle discussioni sulla sostenibilità, essendo caratterizzata da una complessa relazione tra fattori ambientali, sociali ed economici, come esemplificato dai principi generali di viticoltura sostenibile dell’oiv. L’italia, uno degli attori principali nel mercato mondiale del vino, ha da tempo intrapreso numerosi sforzi verso l’introduzione di pratiche e certificazioni orientate alla sostenibilità. Tuttavia, si riscontra la crescente richiesta di coniugare innovazione ed efficienza, testimoniata dall’interesse per temi come la viticoltura di precisione, la riduzione degli sprechi e dell’uso di energia, suggerendo quindi il potenziale per affrontare insieme sfide legate sia ad aspetti economici (costi crescenti, concorrenza di mercato..) Che ambientali (cambiamenti climatici..). In questo contesto, il nostro studio approfondisce la relazione tra efficienza (intesa come rapporto tra fattori produttivi e output) e sostenibilità socio-ambientale (es. Uso di pesticidi, presenza di certificazione biologica) nelle cantine italiane, attingendo ai dati della rete di informazione contabile agricola (rica). Attraverso l’approccio metodologico della stochastic frontier analysis, l’efficienza tecnica delle aziende viene misurata e analizzata in relazione ad alcuni indicatori di sostenibilità socio-ambientale. Il nostro studio comprende un dataset bilanciato di 1027 cantine italiane specializzate nella produzione di vino di qualità (DOC/DOCG) negli anni 2021 e 2022. Come previsto, i risultati rivelano che fattori esterni come le condizioni geografiche (regione, altitudine..) Influenzano significativamente i livelli di efficienza. Inoltre, emerge una relazione positiva tra dimensione aziendale ed efficienza, in linea con studi precedenti (Sellers & Alampi-Sottini, 2016; Urso et al. 2018). Per quanto riguarda gli attributi di sostenibilità, un confronto tra le cantine impegnate anche nella trasformazione e quelle che non svolgono questa attività rivela notevoli differenze nell’orientamento produttivo. Nonostante dimostrino un maggiore interesse per la certificazione biologica ed attività di diversificazione, le prime mostrano livelli di efficienza più bassi rispetto alle seconde. Variabili demografiche come età e genere non sembrano avere un’influenza significativa sull’efficienza. Tuttavia, l’impatto positivo dell’accesso ai pagamenti agro-climatico-ambientali, sebbene necessiti di ulteriori analisi, appare promettente. Ciò suggerisce che la partecipazione a programmi eco-sostenibili nell’ambito della pac potrebbe non avere un effetto negativo sull’efficienza produttiva. In conclusione, il nostro studio contribuisce a una comprensione più approfondita del complesso rapporto tra performance tecnico-economica e sostenibilità socio-ambientale nel settore vinicolo italiano. La convergenza tra questi due elementi costituisce la sfida principale per affrontare il futuro dell’industria vitivinicola italiana ed europea.
Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Alberto Ceccacci¹, Luca Camanzi¹, Giulio Malorgio¹

¹ University of Bologna, Department of Agri-Food Science and Technology, Viale Fanin 50, Bologna, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Distinctive flavour or taint? The case of smoky characters in wine

Forest fires in the vicinity of vineyards have significantly increased in the last decade and are a concern for grapegrowers and winemakers in many wine producing countries. The fires cause smoke drift throughout vineyards which cannot be avoided and may result in the production of wines described as ‘smoke tainted’. Such wines are characterized by undesirable sensory characters described as ‘smoky’, ‘burnt’, ‘ash’ aromas and flavours, and also may cause a lingering, unpleasant ashy aftertaste [1; 2].

Are all red wines equals regarding their vulnerability to brettanomyces bruxellensis ?

Odours deemed harmful by the consumer and described as “stable”, “horse sweat” or “burnt plastic” can be found in wines. The responsible molecules are volatile phenols, produced by a spoilage yeast: brettanomyces bruxellensis. This species is particularly well adapted to the wine environment and can resists many stresses such as a high alcohol level, a low ph or high levels of SO2, more or less efficiently depending on the strain considered.

Impact of winemaking practises on the formation of pinking

The pinking is a phenomenon that can occur in white wine produced with white grape causing the color change from yellow to red-salmon hue. Even if its appearance is highly variable and dependent to the vintage, the wines from certain grape varieties, such as Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling and Trebbiano di Lugana, have been identified to be more susceptible to the pinking.

Caracterización sensorial y preferencias de los consumidores en vinos de crianza biológica elaborados a diferente graduación alcohólica

Las tendencias actuales del mercado apuntan hacia el consumo de vinos con menor contenido en alcohol, y, por otra parte, de vinos con características especiales y diferenciadoras, siendo los vinos con indicación geográfica o denominación de origen los más demandados.

Determination of steviol glycosides in wine by HPLC

The SCL laboratory in Bordeaux is one of the two official control laboratories for wine and wine products in france, under the authority of the ministry of finance and two of its general directorates: the DGCCRF (directorate general for competition, consumer affairs and fraud control) and the DGDDI (directorate general of customs and excise duties). In this capacity, it verifies the regulatory compliance of wines and investigates any possible falsifications or fraud. Steviol glycosides are natural sweeteners that are not authorized as additives in wine.