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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Acumulación de materia seca, orientada a valorar la fijación de carbono, en función del aporte de riego y la pluviometría, en Cabernet-Sauvignon a lo largo de 15 años

Acumulación de materia seca, orientada a valorar la fijación de carbono, en función del aporte de riego y la pluviometría, en Cabernet-Sauvignon a lo largo de 15 años

Resumen

El viñedo es capaz de fijar carbono en sus estructuras a partir del anhídrido carbónico atmosférico, a través de la fotosíntesis y su transformación en materia orgánica. La capacidad fotosintética del viñedo depende de los recursos hídricos que la planta pueda tener a su alcance, por lo que la cantidad de biomasa y materia seca que pueda almacenar dependerá del régimen hídrico del cultivo, tanto en los órganos renovables anualmente como en los órganos permanentes. Las expectativas puestas en ciertos cultivos, como el viñedo, para ser considerados como elementos fijadores y almacenadores de carbono, en el ámbito de la reducción de CO₂ atmosférico, hace interesante valorar la capacidad del viñedo para acumular materia seca, almacenadora de carbono, en sus estructuras permanentes, en función del régimen hídrico.

A lo largo del periodo 2004-2019, se llevó a cabo una serie de ensayos sucesivos relacionados con la aplicación de riego siguiendo diversos criterios, en cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, injertado sobre 110-R, con marco de plantación de 2,2 x 1,2 m, conducido en espaldera, en Valladolid. Los tratamientos experimentales de riego, basados en 4 bloques al azar con parcela elemental de 27 cepas, abarcaron desde el secano (no riego) hasta aplicaciones de riego del 50% de ETo, a través de la modalidad tradicional o del tipo PRD en la línea, siempre durante periodos de al menos 3 años consecutivos. En diciembre de 2019, cada cepa fue arrancada y sometida a las siguientes operaciones: limpieza de tierra adherida a raíces, separación en tres partes (brazos, tronco y raíces), pesaje en fresco y secado en estufa para pesaje en seco. El control de peso se realizó sobre 9 cepas por repetición, contabilizando así un total de 36 cepas de cada tratamiento o serie de tratamientos sucesivos en el ensayo.

La acumulación de biomasa en las partes permanentes de la cepa aumentó de forma notoria con el aumento de la cantidad de agua de riego aplicada a lo largo del tiempo, sin apreciarse ninguna influencia de la modalidad de aplicación de riego en la producción global de materia seca del viñedo. La eficiencia del agua en la producción de materia seca y la fijación de carbono se vio modificada en función de la dosis de agua aplicada mediante riego. La consideración del viñedo como elemento favorecedor del almacenamiento permanente de carbono debe tener en cuenta las condiciones y posibilidades de disponibilidad hídrica del cultivo, incluyendo la pluviometría, que puede ejercer una influencia importante en función de la capacidad de almacenamiento de agua del suelo y del manejo que se haga de dicho tipo de suelo.

Accumulation of dry matter, aimed at assessing carbon fixation, depending on the irrigation application and rainfall, in Cabernet-Sauvignon over 15 years

The vineyard is capable of fixing carbon in its structures from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the process of photosynthesis and its transformation into organic matter. The photosynthetic capacity of the vineyard depends on the water resources that the plant may have at its disposal, so the amount of biomass and dry matter that it can store will depend on the water regime of the crop, both in the annually renewable organs as in permanent parts. The expectations placed on certain crops, such as the vineyard, to be considered as carbon fixing and storing elements, in the field of reducing CO2 in the atmosphere, makes it interesting to assess their capacity to accumulate dry matter, which stores carbon, in its permanent organs, depending on the water regime of the crop.

Throughout the period 2004-2019, a series of successive tests related to the application of irrigation were carried out following various criteria, in cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, grafted on 110-R, with a 2.2 × 1.2 m planting distances, trellis trained, in Valladolid. The experimental irrigation treatments, based on 4 random blocks with an elementary plot of 27 vines, ranged from dry land (no irrigation) to irrigation applications of 50% ETo, through the traditional modality or the PRD type in the line, always for periods of at least 3 consecutive years. In December 2019, each vine was uprooted to carry out the following operations: cleaning of soil attached to roots, separation into three parts (cordon, trunk and roots), fresh weighing and drying in an oven for dry weighing. The weight control was carried out on 9 vines from each elemental plot, so that it was applied to a total of 36 vines from each treatment or series of successive treatments in the trial.

The accumulation of biomass in the permanent parts of the vine increased noticeably with the increase of the amount of irrigation water applied over the time, without any influence of the mode of irrigation application on the overall dry matter production of the vineyard. The efficiency of water in the production of dry matter and carbon fixation was modified depending on the dose of water applied through irrigation Considering the vineyard as a favorable element for permanent carbon storage must take into account the conditions and possibilities of water availability of the crop, including rainfall, which can exert an important influence depending on the water storage capacity of the soil and the management of the type of soil.

Accumulation de matière sèche, visant à évaluer la fixation du carbone, en fonction de l’apport d’irrigation et des précipitations, dans le Cabernet-Sauvignon sur 15 ans

Le vignoble est capable de fixer dans sa structure permanente le carbone du dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique, grâce au processus d’échange gazeux et à la réalisation de la photosynthèse. La capacité photosynthétique du vignoble dépend des ressources en eau dont la plante peut disposer, donc la quantité de matière sèche, dérivée des photosynthétiques traités, qu’elle peut stocker dépendra du régime hydrique de la culture, tant dans organes renouvelables annuellement comme dans les organes permanents. Les attentes placées dans certaines cultures, comme la vigne, pour être considérées comme des éléments de fixation et de stockage du carbone, dans le domaine de la réduction du CO₂ dans l’atmosphère, rendent intéressant d’évaluer leur capacité à accumuler de la matière sèche, qui stocke le carbone, en fonction du régime hydrique de la culture du vignoble.  Matériel et méthodes – tout au long de la période 2004-2019, une série de tests successifs liés à l’application de l’irrigation ont été réalisés selon différents critères, en cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon, greffé sur 110-r, avec un cadre de plantation de 2,2 × 1,2 m, palissé en espalier, à valladolid. Les traitements d’irrigation expérimentaux, basés sur 4 blocs aléatoires avec une parcelle élémentaire de 27 plantes, variaient de la culture sèche (pas d’irrigation) à l’application d’irrigation goutte à goutte de 50 % ETo, en passant par la modalité traditionnelle ou le type prd dans la ligne, toujours pendant des périodes d’au moins 3 années consécutives. En décembre 2019, chaque vigne a été arrachée pour réaliser les opérations suivantes : nettoyage de terre attachée aux racines, séparation en trois parties (bras, tronc et racines), pesée fraîche et séchage en étuve pour pesée à sec. Les contrôles du poids ont été effectués sur 9 plantes de chaque parcelle élémentaire, de sorte qu’ils ont été appliqués à 36 souches de chaque série de traitements successifs de l’essai.  Résultats – l’accumulation de matière sèche dans les parties permanentes du cépage dépend sensiblement de la quantité d’eau d’irrigation appliquée, le mode d’irrigation n’ayant pratiquement aucune influence sur la production globale de matière sèche du vignoble. Considérer le vignoble comme un élément favorable au stockage permanent de carbone doit prendre en compte le régime hydrique de la culture, notamment les précipitations, qui peuvent exercer une influence importante en fonction de la capacité de stockage en eau du sol et de la gestion du type de sol.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Jesús Yuste¹, Daniel Martínez-Porro¹

¹ ITACYL, Ctra. Burgos km 119, Valladolid, Spain

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Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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