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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 The Shield4Grape project to improve the sustainability of European viticulture

The Shield4Grape project to improve the sustainability of European viticulture

Abstract

Grapevine (vitis spp.) Is one of the major and most economically important fruit crops worldwide. Unlike other cropping systems, viticulture has ancient historical connections with the development of human culture and with the socio-cultural background of grape-growing areas. The vitis genus is characterised by high levels of genetic diversity, as result of natural genetic mutations, which are common in grapevines and further assisted by ongoing vegetative propagation. The actual number of grapevine varieties for the v. Vinifera species in the world is estimated at 6,000; however, in the top 15 of countries for vineyard area in the world, less than 10 varieties occupy more than 60% of the cultivation area. This poor exploitation of biodiversity in grapevine represents a serious limitation, as an effective and timely response to the today’s global and rapidly changing challenges will be feasible only if the variability of genetic resources is as large as possible. The viticulture in europe is a leading sector of the agro-industrial economy, but at the same time is also the one with the highest use of pesticides, as its specialization made it more and more susceptible to pest and disease out-breaks as well as to climate change effects.  Under the call horizon-cl6-2023-biodiv-01-14 — biodiversity friendly practices in agriculture – breeding for integrated pest management (ipm), of the horizon europe programme, the research project shield4grape (breeding and integrated pest management strategies to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides in grapevine) was recently funded (grant agreement: 101135088). The 36-month project, started on 1 february 2024, includes 16 institutions from 7 european countries. In addition to the coordinator, the national research council of italy, institute for sustainable plant protection (cnr-ipsp), partners for italy are: consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (crea), vignaioli piemontesi and metec innovation consulting; in france: burgundy school of business and gip pole bourgogne vigne et vin; in spain:  universidad de la rioja and instituto murciano de investigacion y desarrollo agrario y medioambiental; in portugal: fciencias.id – associacao para a investigacao e desenvolvimento de ciencias, avipe-associacao de viticultores do concelho de palmela and instituto nacional de investigaçao agraria e veterinaria; in greece: aristotelio panepistimio thessalonikis, agro-perivallontikes kainotomes ypiresies, and hellenifera; in hungary: university of pecs; in cyprus: center for technology research and innovation. The overall objective of shield4grape (s4g) is to implement sustainable agroecological approaches contributing to the improvement of resilience of the grapevine agri-food systems against pest diseases in a context of climatic change. S4g will introduce safer and more sustainable approaches against fungal/oomycete pathogens responsible for powdery mildew, downy mildew and grapevine trunk diseases. In particular, the project exploits the grapevine biodiversity with increased resistance/tolerance to diseases and improved adaptation to local conditions and will identify new genetic and epigenetic traits for resilience to grapevine diseases. S4g will implement several genetic improvement techniques (traditional breeding, genome editing, cisgenesis and somaclonal variations) for developing new grapevine genotypes resilient to diseases and will evaluate integrated pest management (ipm) strategies applied to tolerant genotypes. The project will investigate the consumer and stakeholders’ awareness of the benefits deriving from the use of tolerant genotypes in viticulture and support farmers and advisors to integrate tolerant genotypes and ipm practices. S4g will contribute concretely to safeguard the territory, particularly of the areas with a high concentration of vineyards, the human health, the farmers, the population living in grape-growing areas and the consumers.

Le projet Shield4Grape pour améliorer la soutenabilité de la viticulture européenne

La vigne (vitis spp.) Est l’une des principales espèces cultivées dans le monde. Contrairement à d’autres systèmes de culture, la viticulture a des liens historiques anciens avec le développement de la culture humaine et avec le contexte socioculturel des régions viticoles. Le genre vitis se caractérise par une grande diversité génétique, résultat de mutations génétiques naturelles favorisées par une multiplication végétative continue. On estime à 6 000 le nombre de variétés de v. Vinifera dans le monde; cependant, dans les 15 premiers pays pour la superficie des vignobles, moins de 10 variétés occupent plus de 60 % de la superficie cultivée. Cette faible utilisation de la biodiversité de la vigne représente une sérieuse limitation, car une réponse efficace et opportune aux défis mondiaux d’aujourd’hui, ne sera possible que si la variabilité des ressources génétiques utilisées est aussi grande que possible. En europe, la viticulture est un secteur de pointe de l’économie agro-industrielle, mais c’est aussi celui qui utilise le plus de pesticides, car sa spécialisation et son intensification l’ont rendue de plus en plus sensible aux maladies, ainsi qu’aux effets du changement climatique.  Dans le cadre de la call horizon-cl6-2023-biodiv-01-14 – biodiversity friendly practices in agriculture – breeding for integrated pest management (ipm), du programme horizon europe, le projet de recherche shield4grape (breeding and integrated pest management strategies to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides in grapevine) a été récemment financé (grant agreement: 101135088). Le projet de 36 mois débutant le 1er février 2024 comprend 16 institutions de 7 pays européens. Outre le coordinateur national research council of italy, institute for sustainable plant protection (cnr-ipsp), les partenaires pour l’italie sont: consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (crea), vignaioli piemontesi et metec innovation consulting; france: burgundy school of business e gip pole bourgogne vigne et vin; in espagne: universidad de la rioja et instituto murciano de investigacion y desarrollo agrario y medioambiental; portugal: fciencias.id – associacao para a investigacao e desenvolvimento de ciencias, avipe-associacao de viticultores do concelho de palmela et instituto nacional de investigaçao agraria e veterinaria; grèce: aristotelio panepistimio thessalonikis, agro-perivallontikes kainotomes ypiresies, et hellenifera; hongrie: university of pecs; chypre: center for technology research and innovation. L’objectif de shield4grape (s4g) est de mettre en œuvre des approches agroécologiques durables contribuant à l’amélioration de la résilience des systèmes viticoles contre les maladies parasitaires dans un contexte de changements climatiques. S4g introduira des approches plus sûres et plus durables contre les pathogènes responsables de l’oïdium, du mildiou et des maladies du tronc de la vigne. En particulier, le projet exploite la biodiversité de la vigne avec une résistance/tolérance accrue aux maladies et une meilleure adaptation aux conditions locales, et identifiera de nouveaux traits génétiques et épigénétiques pour la résilience aux maladies de la vigne. S4g met en œuvre plusieurs techniques d’amélioration génétique (breeding traditionnelle, genome editing, cisgenesis et variations somaclonales) pour développer de nouveaux génotypes de vigne résistants aux maladies et évaluera les stratégies de lutte intégrée appliquées aux génotypes tolérants. Le projet étudiera la prise de conscience générale des avantages découlant de l’utilisation de génotypes tolérants en viticulture et aidera les agriculteurs et les conseillers à intégrer les génotypes tolérants et les pratiques de lutte intégrée contre les parasites. S4g contribuera à la sauvegarde du territoire, en particulier des zones à forte concentration de vignobles, de la santé humaine, des agriculteurs, de la population vivant dans les régions viticoles et des consommateurs.

Il progetto Shield4Grape per migliorare la sostenibilità della viticoltura europea 

la vite (vitis spp.) è una delle principali e più importanti specie coltivate a livello mondiale. a differenza di altri sistemi colturali, la viticoltura ha forti legami storici con lo sviluppo della cultura umana e con il contesto socio-culturale. il genere vitis è caratterizzato da un’ampia diversità genetica, frutto di mutazioni genetiche naturali favorite dalla continua propagazione vegetativa. si stimano nel mondo circa 6.000 varietà della specie v. vinifera; tuttavia, nei primi 15 paesi per superficie vitata nel mondo, meno di 10 varietà occupano più del 60% della superficie coltivata. questo scarso utilizzo della biodiversità della vite rappresenta un grave limite, poiché una risposta efficace e tempestiva alle sfide ambientali di oggi sarà possibile solo se la variabilità delle risorse genetiche utilizzata sarà la più ampia possibile. la viticoltura in europa è un settore di punta dell’economia agroindustriale, ma allo stesso tempo è anche quello con il più alto utilizzo di agrofarmaci, in quanto la sua specializzazione l’ha resa sempre più suscettibile ai patogeni e agli effetti del cambiamento climatico.  nell’ambito del bando horizon-cl6-2023-biodiv-01-14 – biodiversity friendly practices in agriculture – breeding for integrated pest management (ipm), del programma horizon europe, è stato recentemente finanziato il progetto di ricerca shield4grape (breeding and integrated pest management strategies to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides in grapevine) (grant agreement: 101135088). il progetto, della durata di 36 mesi e partito il 1° febbraio 2024, coinvolge 16 istituzioni di 7 paesi europei. oltre al coordinatore, il consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, istituto per la protezione sostenibile delle piante (cnr-ipsp), i partner per l’italia sono: il consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (crea), vignaioli piemontesi e metec innovation consulting; in francia: burgundy school of business e gip pole bourgogne vigne et vin; in spagna:  universidad de la rioja e instituto murciano de investigacion y desarrollo agrario y medioambiental; in portogallo: fciencias.id – associacao para a investigacao e desenvolvimento de ciencias, avipe-associacao de viticultores do concelho de palmela e instituto nacional de investigaçao agraria e veterinaria; in grecia: aristotelio panepistimio thessalonikis, agro-perivallontikes kainotomes ypiresies, e hellenifera; in ungheria: university of pecs; in cipro: center for technology research and innovation. l’obiettivo di shield4grape (s4g) è quello di implementare approcci agroecologici sostenibili che contribuiscano a migliorare la resilienza dei sistemi viticoli alle patologie in un contesto di cambiamento climatico. s4g introdurrà approcci più sicuri e sostenibili contro i patogeni fungini/oomiceti responsabili di oidio, peronospora e mal dell’esca. in particolare, il progetto identificherà genotipi di vite con una maggiore resistenza/tolleranza alle malattie e un migliore adattamento alle condizioni ambientali locali, e individuerà nuovi tratti genetici ed epigenetici coinvolti nella resilienza alle patologie della vite. s4g implementerà diverse tecniche di miglioramento genetico (incrocio tradizionale, genome editing, cisgenesi e variazioni somaclonali) per sviluppare nuovi genotipi di vite resistenti alle malattie e applicherà ai genotipi tolleranti strategie di gestione integrata. il progetto valuterà inoltre, a livello dei consumatori e degli operatori del settore la consapevolezza generale dei benefici derivanti dall’uso di genotipi tolleranti in viticoltura e supporterà gli agricoltori e i consulenti nell’utilizzo di genotipi tolleranti e pratiche di difesa integrata. s4g contribuirà concretamente alla salvaguardia del territorio, in particolare delle aree ad alta concentrazione viticola, della salute umana, degli agricoltori, della popolazione residente nelle aree viticole e dei consumatori.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Giorgio Gambino¹

¹ National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP) – Strada delle Cacce, 73, Torino, Italy

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Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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