terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Viticultural landscape: history of a challenging coexistence between grapevines and humans 

Viticultural landscape: history of a challenging coexistence between grapevines and humans 

Abstract

Vitis vinifera is the most grown grapevine species, which originated about 6 million years ago in the trans-caucasian area as the ancestral (wild) type v. Vinifera spp. Sylvestris. On the other hand, the human being (homo sapiens) is much younger since he originated about 300.000 years ago in north africa. Viticulture began about 11,500 years ago after the domestication of the wild type, which occurred in two areas: trans-caucasus and levant. Through cultivating vines, prehistoric humans transitioned from being nomadic gatherers to farmers and began to shape and modify the landscape. Landscape has a scientific definition (given by the council of europe landscape convention -celc), as follows: “the landscape is part of the land, as perceived by local people or visitors, which evolves through time as a result of being acted upon by natural forces and human beings”. The goal of celc is the protection, management, and planning of the landscape, with reference to the entire territory of the state parties, promoting public awareness and participation. Information on viticultural landscapes is found in figurative art, literature, and recently photography, witnessing the historical evolution. Examples from european countries are reported. Current landscape attentions include biodiversity and the use of natural materials (woody poles, no plastic, no herbicides). The landscape represents an emotional factor that can affect the wine perception, as well. The unesco world heritage sites related to viticultural areas are listed and described. 

Paysage viticole : histoire d’une coexistence challengeante entre les vignes et les humains

La vitis vinifera est l’espèce de vigne la plus cultivée, originaire d’il y a environ 6 millions d’années dans la région transcaucasienne sous la forme ancestrale (sauvage) v. Vinifera spp. Sylvestris. D’autre part, l’être humain (homo sapiens) est bien plus jeune, puisqu’il est originaire d’il y a environ 300 000 ans en afrique du nord. La viticulture a commencé il y a environ 11 500 ans après la domestication du type sauvage, qui a eu lieu dans deux zones : le transcaucase et le levant. En cultivant des vignes, les humains préhistoriques sont passés de cueilleurs nomades à des agriculteurs, et ont commencé à façonner et à modifier le paysage. Le paysage a une définition scientifique (donnée par la convention européenne du paysage du conseil de l’europe – celc) comme suit : “le paysage fait partie du territoire, tel que perçu par les habitants locaux ou les visiteurs, qui évolue dans le temps en raison de l’action des forces naturelles et des êtres humains”. L’objectif de la celc est la protection, la gestion et la planification du paysage, en référence à l’ensemble du territoire des états parties, en favorisant la sensibilisation du public et la participation. Les informations sur les paysages viticoles sont trouvées dans l’art figuratif, la littérature et récemment dans la photographie, témoignant de l’évolution historique. Des exemples de pays européens sont rapportés. Les attentions actuelles portées au paysage incluent la biodiversité et l’utilisation de matériaux naturels (poteaux en bois, pas de plastique, pas d’herbicides). Le paysage représente également un facteur émotionnel qui peut influencer la perception du vin. Les sites du patrimoine mondial de l’unesco liés aux zones viticoles sont répertoriés et décrits.

Paesaggio viticolturale: storia di una coesistenza tra viti e esseri umani

il vitis vinifera è la specie di vite più diffusa, originatasi circa 6 milioni di anni fa nell’area transcaucasica come il tipo ancestrale (selvatico) v. vinifera spp. sylvestris. l’uomo (homo sapiens), d’altra parte, è molto più giovane, essendo nato circa 300.000 anni fa nel nord africa. la viticoltura ha inizio circa 11.500 anni fa dopo la domesticazione della vite selvatica, avvenuta in due aree: transcaucasica e levante. attraverso la coltivazione della vite, gli umani preistorici sono passati da raccoglitori nomadi a agricoltori, modellando e modificando il paesaggio. il paesaggio, definito scientificamente dalla convenzione europea del paesaggio (celc), “designa una determinata parte di territorio, così come è percepita dalle popolazioni, il cui carattere deriva dall’azione di fattori naturali e/o umani e dalle loro interrelazioni”. l’obiettivo del celc è la protezione, gestione e pianificazione del paesaggio, coinvolgendo l’intero territorio degli stati aderenti, con un’attenzione particolare alla promozione della consapevolezza pubblica e della partecipazione. le informazioni sui paesaggi viticoli sono ricavate dall’arte figurativa, dalla letteratura e dalla fotografia, documentando l’evoluzione storica. il nostro lavoro esplora questo tema con esempi tratti da paesi europei. le attuali preoccupazioni paesaggistiche comprendono la biodiversità e l’uso di materiali naturali (come pali di legno, evitando plastica ed erbicidi). inoltre, il paesaggio incide sull’esperienza e la percezione del vino. i siti del patrimonio mondiale dell’unesco legati alle regioni viticole vengono elencati e descritti.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Luigi Bavaresco1, Filippo Del Zozzo1 e Ginevra Canavera1,2

1 Dept. for Sustainable Crop Production, Pomology and Viticulture section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza,Italy
2 Dept. for Sustainable Food Process, Microbiology section. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Acumulación de materia seca, orientada a valorar la fijación de carbono, en función del aporte de riego y la pluviometría, en Cabernet-Sauvignon a lo largo de 15 años

The vineyard is capable of fixing carbon in its permanent structure from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the process of gas exchange and the performance of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic capacity of the vineyard depends on the water resources that the plant may have at its disposal, so the amount of dry matter, derived from the processed photosynthates, that it can store will depend on the water regime of the crop, both in the annually renewable organs as in permanent parts.

Exploring the dynamic between yeast mannoproteins structure and wine stability

Mannoproteins are macromolecules found on the surface of yeast cells, composed of hyperbranched polysaccharide negatively charged chains by mannosyl-phosphate groups, fixed to a protein core. during the alcoholic fermentation and aging on lees, these mannoproteins are released from the yeast cell wall and become the main yeast-sourced polysaccharide in wine. due to their techno-functional properties, commercial preparations of mannoproteins can be used as additives to better assure tartaric and protein stability.

Innovative red winemaking strategy: biosurfactant-assisted extraction and stabilization of phenolic compounds

The color is the first attribute perceived by consumers and a major factor determining the quality of red wines. This depends mainly on the content of grape anthocyanins and their extraction into the juice/wine during winemaking. Furthermore, these compounds can undergo reactions that influence the chemical and sensory characteristics of the wine. Monomeric forms are prone to oxidation and adsorption on solid parts.

Low and zero alcohol “wines”: impact of different dealcoholization processes on phenol profile and health benefits

Consumers’ demand for non-alcoholic wine has notably increased in the last years: this trend is a consequence of a growing interest in more healthy habits, and as a response to higher alcohol levels in wine due to climate change. In addition, drinking limitations due to physiological/pathological conditions (e.g., pregnancy, diabetes, hepatic disorders), driving regulations, ethical/religious considerations, and high import taxes on alcoholic beverages have positively influenced this marked (us$ 1.6 billion in 2021). International organisation of vine and wine (OIV) established that alcohol content defining wines must not be less than 8.5% vol, (OIV, 2017).

Plastid genomics of Vitis vinifera L. for understanding the molecular basis of  grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) domestication

The precise molecular mechanisms underlying the domestication of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Are still not fully understood. In the recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of plastid genomes has emerged as a powerful and increasingly effective tool for plant phylogenetics and evolution. To uncover the biological profile of the grapevine domestication process comprehensively, an investigation should encompass both the cultivated varieties (V. vinifera subsp. Vinifera) and their wild ancestors V. vinifera subsp. Sylvestris) across all potential sites of their distribution and domestication.