terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Viticultural landscape: history of a challenging coexistence between grapevines and humans 

Viticultural landscape: history of a challenging coexistence between grapevines and humans 

Abstract

Vitis vinifera is the most grown grapevine species, which originated about 6 million years ago in the trans-caucasian area as the ancestral (wild) type v. Vinifera spp. Sylvestris. On the other hand, the human being (homo sapiens) is much younger since he originated about 300.000 years ago in north africa. Viticulture began about 11,500 years ago after the domestication of the wild type, which occurred in two areas: trans-caucasus and levant. Through cultivating vines, prehistoric humans transitioned from being nomadic gatherers to farmers and began to shape and modify the landscape. Landscape has a scientific definition (given by the council of europe landscape convention -celc), as follows: “the landscape is part of the land, as perceived by local people or visitors, which evolves through time as a result of being acted upon by natural forces and human beings”. The goal of celc is the protection, management, and planning of the landscape, with reference to the entire territory of the state parties, promoting public awareness and participation. Information on viticultural landscapes is found in figurative art, literature, and recently photography, witnessing the historical evolution. Examples from european countries are reported. Current landscape attentions include biodiversity and the use of natural materials (woody poles, no plastic, no herbicides). The landscape represents an emotional factor that can affect the wine perception, as well. The unesco world heritage sites related to viticultural areas are listed and described. 

Paysage viticole : histoire d’une coexistence challengeante entre les vignes et les humains

La vitis vinifera est l’espèce de vigne la plus cultivée, originaire d’il y a environ 6 millions d’années dans la région transcaucasienne sous la forme ancestrale (sauvage) v. Vinifera spp. Sylvestris. D’autre part, l’être humain (homo sapiens) est bien plus jeune, puisqu’il est originaire d’il y a environ 300 000 ans en afrique du nord. La viticulture a commencé il y a environ 11 500 ans après la domestication du type sauvage, qui a eu lieu dans deux zones : le transcaucase et le levant. En cultivant des vignes, les humains préhistoriques sont passés de cueilleurs nomades à des agriculteurs, et ont commencé à façonner et à modifier le paysage. Le paysage a une définition scientifique (donnée par la convention européenne du paysage du conseil de l’europe – celc) comme suit : “le paysage fait partie du territoire, tel que perçu par les habitants locaux ou les visiteurs, qui évolue dans le temps en raison de l’action des forces naturelles et des êtres humains”. L’objectif de la celc est la protection, la gestion et la planification du paysage, en référence à l’ensemble du territoire des états parties, en favorisant la sensibilisation du public et la participation. Les informations sur les paysages viticoles sont trouvées dans l’art figuratif, la littérature et récemment dans la photographie, témoignant de l’évolution historique. Des exemples de pays européens sont rapportés. Les attentions actuelles portées au paysage incluent la biodiversité et l’utilisation de matériaux naturels (poteaux en bois, pas de plastique, pas d’herbicides). Le paysage représente également un facteur émotionnel qui peut influencer la perception du vin. Les sites du patrimoine mondial de l’unesco liés aux zones viticoles sont répertoriés et décrits.

Paesaggio viticolturale: storia di una coesistenza tra viti e esseri umani

il vitis vinifera è la specie di vite più diffusa, originatasi circa 6 milioni di anni fa nell’area transcaucasica come il tipo ancestrale (selvatico) v. vinifera spp. sylvestris. l’uomo (homo sapiens), d’altra parte, è molto più giovane, essendo nato circa 300.000 anni fa nel nord africa. la viticoltura ha inizio circa 11.500 anni fa dopo la domesticazione della vite selvatica, avvenuta in due aree: transcaucasica e levante. attraverso la coltivazione della vite, gli umani preistorici sono passati da raccoglitori nomadi a agricoltori, modellando e modificando il paesaggio. il paesaggio, definito scientificamente dalla convenzione europea del paesaggio (celc), “designa una determinata parte di territorio, così come è percepita dalle popolazioni, il cui carattere deriva dall’azione di fattori naturali e/o umani e dalle loro interrelazioni”. l’obiettivo del celc è la protezione, gestione e pianificazione del paesaggio, coinvolgendo l’intero territorio degli stati aderenti, con un’attenzione particolare alla promozione della consapevolezza pubblica e della partecipazione. le informazioni sui paesaggi viticoli sono ricavate dall’arte figurativa, dalla letteratura e dalla fotografia, documentando l’evoluzione storica. il nostro lavoro esplora questo tema con esempi tratti da paesi europei. le attuali preoccupazioni paesaggistiche comprendono la biodiversità e l’uso di materiali naturali (come pali di legno, evitando plastica ed erbicidi). inoltre, il paesaggio incide sull’esperienza e la percezione del vino. i siti del patrimonio mondiale dell’unesco legati alle regioni viticole vengono elencati e descritti.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Luigi Bavaresco1, Filippo Del Zozzo1 e Ginevra Canavera1,2

1 Dept. for Sustainable Crop Production, Pomology and Viticulture section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza,Italy
2 Dept. for Sustainable Food Process, Microbiology section. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Pesticide – Free viticulture: towards agroecological wine-producing socio-ecosystems

Can we cultivate grapevine without pesticides? This is a huge challenge for this emblematic crop, which is one of the largest users of plant protection products. Pesticides are mainly used to protect the vine against leaf diseases (powdery mildew, mildew, black-rot), even in organic farming, which uses copper in particular. What are the research avenues that can help eliminate pesticides today?

Closure permeability modulates the aroma expression of monovarietal white wines during bottle ageing

Bottle ageing is a critical period for wine quality, as it undergoes various chemical and sensory changes during storage. Ideally, a phase of qualitative ageing, during which wine sensory quality improves, is followed by a decline of quality. Understanding how different oenological variables influence these phases is a key challenge in modern winemaking. Recent studies highlighted the significant role of oxygen in modulating reactions involving volatile and non-volatile components, impacting aroma evolution during bottle aging. Oxygen exposure of wine during bottle ageing is mediated by closure.

The bottleneck/cork interface: A key parameter for wine aging in bottle

The shelf life of wine is a major concern for the wine industry. This is particularly true for wines intended for long cellaring, which are supposed to reach their peak after an ageing period ranging from a few months to several years, or even decades. Low, controlled oxygen inputs through the closure system are generally necessary for the wine to evolve towards its optimum organoleptic characteristics. Our previous studies have already shown that the interface between the cork and the bottleneck plays a crucial role in the transfer of oxygen into the bottled wine.

StartupLab and HackaVitis: open innovation and technology transfer in the wine sector

The study analyzes a set of open innovation actions promoted by the innovation environments of the Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), in cooperation with entities, companies in the sector and the Department of Innovation, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul.

Transforming the grapevine world through new breeding techniques

Climate change and environmental degradation are existential threats to europe and the world. One of the most important objectives is to reduce by 2030 the use and the risk of chemical pesticides and fertilisers, reducing nutrient losses and increasing organic farming. Grapevine (vitis spp.) is one of the major and most economically important fruit crops worldwide. It is characterised by high levels of genetic diversity, as result of natural genetic mutations, which are common in grapevines and further assisted by ongoing vegetative propagation.