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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Economy and law 9 French wine sector facing climate change (part. 1) : a national strategy built on a foresight and participatory approach

French wine sector facing climate change (part. 1) : a national strategy built on a foresight and participatory approach

Abstract

A foresight study was carried out by a group of experts from INRAE, universities, INAO and FranceAgriMer from 2014 as part of the multidisciplinary “laccave” project intended to anticipate climate change in the french wine industry. The initial objective was to initiate an interdisciplinary dialogue between researchers and to feed their questions in a more systemic way.  The scenario development method made it possible to build possible futures for the wine sector in the face of climate change. It began by drafting four adaptation strategies, combining different possible intensities of innovation and relocation of the vineyard. This was followed by the construction of four “paths” which support these strategies, articulating a set of driving hypotheses on the evolution of the “vines and wines” system. The scenarios thus developed were presented to 500 players in the sector in seven wine-growing regions, to analyze them and retain a preferential strategic attitude for each of them, ie to choose, watch for it, prepare for it, promote it or disadvantage it. Finally, in order to implement each pair (scenario x strategic attitude) selected, 2700 action proposals were collected within these forums.  The communication of these results to the leaders of the wine sector accelerated awareness, facilitated the mobilization of the main national organizations, and made it possible to constitute a “political steering group” supported by the prospective researchers and engineers and facilitators of the laccave project. This group thus specified in 2018 the objectives of a national strategy on the basis of the main directions outlined in the prospective exercise, then developed a draft strategy in 2019, based on a synthesis of the action proposals collected, and structured around 8 priority themes. This project then gave rise to a new cycle of consultations with regional wine organizations. Other actions planned or already implemented in the regions, and certain adaptations to be expected, due to the different geographical expressions of climate change, were thus taken into account to arrive at the final version of the national strategy.  As a result of a nearly eight years process, the strategy was presented to the minister of agriculture in august 2021. It is currently being broken down into an action plan articulating the national and regional levels. Its implementation is the subject of an agreement signed in 2022 by the main structures which supervise the french sector in order to monitor the progress of the identified actions, organize communication at the regional level and set up experiments and knowledge sharing in the frame of “regional demonstrators”. This dynamic has also led to concrete proposals for regulatory changes on irrigation and on the experimentation of new varieties for the purposes of adaptation for aoc wines. The use of the foresight method by the french industry to develop its strategy for adaptation to climate change has enjoyed national and international influence and inspired other sectors. This method makes it possible to open spaces for debate, by designing different possible futures which do not leave us indifferent, to highlight room for maneuver for collective action, and to promote cooperation between actors in the sector including research, in order to be less affected by climate change through effective adaptation and anticipation. Finally, this invites us to jointly develop in the spheres of research, administrations and organizations, a capacity to conduct such prospective exercises, and therefore to recommend their teaching in university courses.

La filière vitivinicole française face au changement climatique (partie 1) : une stratégie nationale fondée sur une approche prospective et participative

Une étude prospective a été conduite par un groupe d’experts d’INRAE, d’universités, de l’INAO et de FranceAgriMer à partir de 2014 dans le cadre du projet pluridisciplinaire « laccave » destiné à anticiper le changement climatique dans la filière vignes-vins française. L’objectif initial était d’engager un dialogue interdisciplinaire entre chercheurs et de nourrir leur questionnement de façon plus systémique.  La méthode d’élaboration des scénarios a permis de représenter des futurs possibles pour le secteur viticole face au changement climatique. Elle a débuté par la rédaction de quatre stratégies d’adaptation, combinant différentes intensités possibles d’innovation et de relocalisation du vignoble. A suivi la construction de quatre « chemins » qui soutiennent ces stratégies, articulant un ensemble d’hypothèses motrices sur l’évolution du système « vignes et vins ». Les scénarios ainsi élaborés ont été soumis à 500 acteurs de la filière dans sept régions viticoles, pour les analyser et retenir une l’attitude stratégique préférentielle pour chacun d’eux, ie au choix, y veiller, s’y préparer, le favoriser ou le défavoriser. Enfin, pour mettre en œuvre chaque couple (scénario x attitude stratégique) retenu, 2700 propositions d’actions ont été recueillies au sein de ces forums.  La communication de ces résultats aux dirigeants de la filière vitivinicole a accéléré les prises de conscience, facilité la mobilisation des principales organisations nationales, et permis de constituer un « groupe de pilotage politique » appuyé par les chercheurs et ingénieurs prospectivistes et animateurs du projet laccave. Ce groupe a ainsi précisé dès 2018 les objectifs d’une stratégie nationale sur la base des grandes directions tracées dans l’exercice prospectif, puis a élaboré en 2019 un projet de stratégie, fondé sur une synthèse des propositions d’actions collectées, et structuré autour de 8 thèmes prioritaires.  Ce projet a ensuite donné lieu à un nouveau cycle de consultations auprès d’organisations viticoles régionales. D’autres actions envisagées ou déjà mises en œuvre dans les régions, et certaines adaptations à prévoir, compte tenu des différentes expressions géographiques du changement climatique ont ainsi été prises en compte pour aboutir à la version finale de la stratégie nationale.  Issue d’un processus d’environ huit ans, celle-ci a été présentée au ministre de l’agriculture en août 2021. Elle est actuellement déclinée en plan d’actions articulant les niveaux nationaux et régionaux. Son opérationnalisation (voir v. Lempereur et al. La filière vitivinicole française face au changement climatique (part. 2)) : fait l’objet d’une convention signée en 2022 par les principales structures qui encadrent la filière française afin de suivre l’avancement des actions identifiées, organiser la communication au plan régional et mettre en place des expérimentations et un partage de connaissances à partir de « démonstrateurs régionaux ». Cette dynamique a en outre conduit à des propositions concrètes d’évolutions réglementaires sur l’irrigation et sur l’expérimentation de nouvelles variétés à des fins d’adaptation pour les vins bénéficiant d’une aoc.  L’utilisation de la méthode prospective par la filière française pour élaborer sa stratégie d’adaptation au changement climatique a connu un rayonnement national et international et inspire d’autres filières. Cette méthode permet d’ouvrir des espaces de débat, en représentant différents futurs possibles qui ne laissent pas indifférents, de mettre en évidence des marges de manœuvre pour l’action collective, et de favoriser les coopérations entre les acteurs de la filière incluant la recherche, afin de moins subir les évolutions climatiques par une adaptation et une anticipation efficaces. Cela invite enfin à développer conjointement dans les sphères de la recherche, des administrations et des organisations la capacité à conduire de tels exercices prospectifs, et partant à en recommander l’enseignement dans les cursus universitaires.

L’industria vinicola francese di fronte al cambiamento climatico (parte 1) : una strategia nazionale basata su un approccio prospettico e partecipativo

Uno studio prospettico è stato realizzato da un gruppo di esperti dell’INRAE, delle università, dell’INAO e di FranceAgriMer a partire dal 2014 nell’ambito del progetto multidisciplinare “laccave” destinato ad anticipare il cambiamento climatico nel settore vitivinicolo francese. L’obiettivo iniziale era avviare un dialogo interdisciplinare tra i ricercatori e alimentare le loro domande in modo più sistemico.  Il metodo di sviluppo degli scenari ha permesso di rappresentare i possibili futuri per il settore vitivinicolo di fronte al cambiamento climatico. Si è iniziato elaborando quattro strategie di adattamento, combinando diverse possibili intensità di innovazione e delocalizzazione del vigneto. A ciò è seguita la costruzione di quattro “percorsi” che supportano queste strategie, articolando una serie di ipotesi guida sull’evoluzione del sistema “vite e vino”. Gli scenari così elaborati sono stati sottoposti a 500 operatori del settore in sette regioni viticole, affinché li analizzassero e conservassero per ciascuno di essi un atteggiamento strategico preferenziale, vale a dire sceglierlo, vigilare, prepararsi, promuoverlo o svantaggiarlo. . Infine, per implementare ciascuna coppia (scenario x atteggiamento strategico) selezionata, all’interno di questi forum sono state raccolte 2700 proposte di azione.  La comunicazione di questi risultati ai leader del settore vitivinicolo ha accelerato la consapevolezza, facilitato la mobilitazione delle principali organizzazioni nazionali e ha permesso di costituire un “gruppo direttivo politico” supportato dai futuri ricercatori, ingegneri e facilitatori del progetto laccave. Questo gruppo ha quindi specificato nel 2018 gli obiettivi di una strategia nazionale sulla base delle principali direzioni delineate nell’esercizio prospettico, per poi sviluppare nel 2019 un progetto di strategia, basato su una sintesi delle proposte di azione raccolte, e strutturato attorno a 8 temi prioritari.  Questo progetto ha poi dato origine ad un nuovo ciclo di consultazioni con le organizzazioni regionali del vino. Per arrivare alla versione finale della strategia nazionale si è quindi tenuto conto delle altre azioni previste o già attuate nelle regioni e di alcuni adattamenti previsti, tenendo conto delle diverse espressioni geografiche del cambiamento climatico.  Frutto di un processo durato circa otto anni, è stato presentato al ministro dell’agricoltura nell’agosto 2021. E attualmente in fase di scomposizione in un piano d’azione che articola il livello nazionale e regionale. La sua operatività è oggetto di un accordo firmato nel 2022 dalle principali strutture che vigilano sul settore francese al fine di monitorare lo stato di avanzamento delle azioni individuate, organizzare la comunicazione a livello regionale e avviare sperimentazioni e condivisione di conoscenze sulla base di “dimostratori regionali ”. Questa dinamica ha portato anche a proposte concrete di modifiche normative sull’irrigazione e sulla sperimentazione di nuove varietà ai fini dell’adattamento per vini che beneficiano di una aoc.  L’utilizzo del metodo prospettico da parte del settore francese per sviluppare la propria strategia di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici ha goduto di un’influenza nazionale e internazionale e ispira altri settori. Questo metodo permette di aprire spazi di dibattito, rappresentando diversi futuri possibili che non lasciano indifferenti, di evidenziare margini di manovra per l’azione collettiva e di promuovere la cooperazione tra gli attori del settore compresa la ricerca, per essere meno colpiti dai cambiamenti climatici attraverso un efficace adattamento e anticipazione. Ciò, infine, ci invita a sviluppare congiuntamente negli ambiti della ricerca, delle amministrazioni e delle organizzazioni la capacità di condurre tali esercizi prospettici, e quindi di raccomandarne l’insegnamento nei corsi universitari.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Hervé Hannin¹, Nathalie Ollat², Françoise Brugiere³, Jacques Gautier⁴, Patrick Aigrain³, Benjamin Bois⁵, Eric Duchene⁶, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar Atauri⁷, Eric Giraud Héraud⁸, Jean-Marc Touzard⁹

¹ L’Institut Agro Montpellier, 2 Place Viala Bât.28, Montpellier, France
² INRAE – UMR EGFV, ISVV, Bordeaux, France
³ FranceAgriMer, Montreuil, France
⁴ INAO, Montreuil, France
⁵ Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
⁶ INRAE – UMR SVQV, Colmar, France
⁷ INRAE – Agroclim, Avignon, France
⁸ INRAE – Bordeaux Sciences Économiques, Bordeaux, France
⁹ INRAE – UMR Innovation, Montpellier, France

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Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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