terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon from Maipo valley (Chile) using fluorescence measurement

Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon from Maipo valley (Chile) using fluorescence measurement

Abstract

Viral diseases are a significant cause of both decreased grape quality and vineyard production. Important agents include grapevine leafroll-associated virus (glravs) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav). However, conducting phytosanitary analysis of vineyards for viruses on-site is challenging, and molecular testing is generally expensive. Additionally, a valuable tool that can provide extensive information on the physiological state of plants is the measurement of transient chlorophyll-a fluorescence. In this work, we analyzed this parameter using the ojiv test on Cabernet Sauvignon plants, the main red cultivar in chile, to assess the phytosanitary status concerning viral infections. Initially, fluorescence was evaluated in productive vines throughout their development, followed by analysis in plants infected with glravs or glravs+grspav. It was observed that the kinetics of fluorescence emission decreased throughout phenological development and was also lower in clones with viral infections, especially at values of fluorescence at 50 μs (fo) and maximum fluorescence (fm), indicating limitations in electron donation by the oxygen-evolving complexes and changes in the antenna complex of photosystem ii (psii). The parameter that showed the most significant differences was the performance index (piabs), which decreased throughout phenological development and in virally infected plants. This decrease suggests that psii shifts the conversion of light energy from chemical to heat dissipation, making it an excellent parameter for assessing the vitality of Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards.

Caractérisation du Cabernet Sauvignon de la vallée de Maipo (Chili) par mesure de la fluorescence

Les maladies virales sont une cause importante de la diminution de la qualité des raisins et de la production des vignobles. Parmi les agents principaux, nous trouvons les grapevine leafroll-associated virus (glravs) et grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav). Toutefois, l’analyse phytosanitaire des vignobles concernant les virus est difficile à réaliser sur le terrain, et les tests moléculaires sont généralement coûteux. De plus, un outil capable de fournir une quantité considérable d’informations sur l’état physiologique des plantes est la mesure de la fluorescence transitoire de la chlorophylle a. Dans ce travail, nous avons analysé ce paramètre en utilisant le test ojiv sur des plants de cabernet sauvignon, le principal cépage rouge au chili, pour évaluer l’état phytosanitaire vis-à-vis des viroses. Initialement, la fluorescence a été évaluée chez les vignes productives tout au long de leur développement, puis chez des plants infectés par glravs ou glravs+grspav. Il a été observé que la cinétique d’émission de fluorescence diminuait tout au long du développement phénologique et était également plus faible chez les clones présentant des infections virales, particulièrement pour les valeurs de fluorescence à 50 μs (fo) et de fluorescence maximale (fm), reflétant une limitation dans le don d’électrons par les complexes libérateurs d’oxygène et des changements dans le complexe antenne du photosystème ii (psii). Le paramètre ayant montré les différences les plus significatives était l’indice de performance (piabs), qui diminuait à la fois tout au long du développement phénologique et chez les plants virosés. Cette diminution suggère que le psii modifie la conversion de l’énergie lumineuse de chimique en dissipation de chaleur, en faisant un excellent paramètre pour évaluer la vitalité des vignobles de Cabernet Sauvignon.

Caracterización del Cabernet Sauvignon del valle del Maipo (Chile) usando mediciones de fluorescencia

Las enfermedades virales son una causa importante de disminución de calidad de la uva y producción de los viñedos y de la calidad de la uva. Entre los principales agentes encontamos a los virus asociados al enrollamiento de la hoja de la vid (glravs) y los asociados al picado del tallo en rupestris (grspav). Sin embargo, el análisis fitosanitario del viñedo respecto a virus es dificil de realizar en terreno, y las pruebas moleculares son en general costosas. Por otra parte, una herramienta que es capaz de aportar gran cantidad de información del estado fisiologico de las plantas es la medición de fluorecencia transitoria de clorofila a. En el presente trabajo  analizamos este parametro, mediante la prueba ojiv en plantas de cabernet sauvignon, principal cultivar tinto en chile, para evaluar el estado fitosanitario respecto a virosis. En primer lugar, se evaluó la fluorescencia en vides productivas a lo largo de su desarrollo, y luego se analizó en plantas infectadas con glravs o glravs+grspav. Se observó que la cinética de emisión de fluorescencia disminuyó a lo largo del desarrollo fenológico, así como tambien fue menor en los clones que presentaban infecciones virales, siendo especialmente bajos los valores de fluorescencia a 50 s (fo) y fluorescencia máxima (fm), reflejando limitación en la donación de electrones por parte de los complejos liberadores de oxígeno y cambios en el complejo antena del fotosistema ii (psii). El parámetro que reflejó las diferencias más significativas fue el índice de rendimiento (piabs), que disminuyó a lo largo del desarrollo fenológico y también en plantas con virosis. Dicha disminución indicaría que psii cambia la conversión de la energía luminosa de química a disipación de calor, volviéndolo un excelente parámetro para evaluar la vitalidad de los viñedos de Cabernet Sauvignon.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Consuelo Ceppi de Lecco¹, Pablo Cañón²

¹ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
² Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Genetic traceability of the varietal origin of wines: a robust application for must and wines during alcoholic fermentation

Industry and regulatory agencies have developed regulations to ensure authenticity and compliance with wine composition limits. However, this can be truncated by the absence of simple and robust analytical methodologies, uninfluenced by the environment, different oenological techniques and cultural practices. Genetic fingerprinting is the most powerful tool for unequivocal varietal identification; it is not affected by the environment or agronomic practices; however, its usefulness in musts and wines has been controversial and there is currently no routine certification of varietal origin based on DNA analysis.

Linear sweep voltammetry to classify and characterize the antioxidant properties of tannins

In recent years, numerous studies have been carried out at the OIV on oenological tannins, both with regard to oenological properties and methods of characterization. The results of these recent studies have led to the revision of the general monograph and the drafting of four new monographs, one for each of the four chemical classes into which the tannins have been grouped: ellagitannins, gallotannins, procyanidins/prodelphinidins, profisetinidins/prorobinetinins.

Exploring the potential of Hanseniaspora vineae for quality wines production

Traditionally, non-saccharomyces yeasts were deemed undesirable in winemaking, for this reason, it is a common practice to add sulphites to prevent their proliferation during the initial stages of vinification. However, the current research on yeast diversity has unveiled numerous non-saccharomyces strains possessing advantageous traits that enrich the sensory profile of wines. The genus hanseniaspora is often associated with wine fermentation and is also commonly found on grapes.

Correlation between stable isotopic composition of the fungus aspergillus niger and its growth substrate and the extracted chitin

Wine is one of the most consumed and appreciated beverages in the world. Due to the growing attention paid to consumer health, there is a continuous search for sustainable alternatives to common additives (such as sulfur dioxide) used to preserve wine. An example is represented by chitosan, the main derivative of chitin, approved for the treatment of must and wine since 2009 by the “international organization of vine and wine” (OIV/OENO 338a/2009) and by the european commission (EC Reg. No. 606/2009).

Towards understanding the mechanisms of resistance to grapevine Flavescence dorée

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a very serious grapevine disease, classified as quarantine in europe, where it appeared in the middle of the last century. It is associated with the presence of phytoplasmas, transmitted in the vineyard by a leafhopper of american origin, scaphoideus titanus. FD causes severe wine production losses and often leads to plant death. There are currently no alternative solutions to insecticide treatments against the vector and uprooting diseased vines.