terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon from Maipo valley (Chile) using fluorescence measurement

Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon from Maipo valley (Chile) using fluorescence measurement

Abstract

Viral diseases are a significant cause of both decreased grape quality and vineyard production. Important agents include grapevine leafroll-associated virus (glravs) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav). However, conducting phytosanitary analysis of vineyards for viruses on-site is challenging, and molecular testing is generally expensive. Additionally, a valuable tool that can provide extensive information on the physiological state of plants is the measurement of transient chlorophyll-a fluorescence. In this work, we analyzed this parameter using the ojiv test on Cabernet Sauvignon plants, the main red cultivar in chile, to assess the phytosanitary status concerning viral infections. Initially, fluorescence was evaluated in productive vines throughout their development, followed by analysis in plants infected with glravs or glravs+grspav. It was observed that the kinetics of fluorescence emission decreased throughout phenological development and was also lower in clones with viral infections, especially at values of fluorescence at 50 μs (fo) and maximum fluorescence (fm), indicating limitations in electron donation by the oxygen-evolving complexes and changes in the antenna complex of photosystem ii (psii). The parameter that showed the most significant differences was the performance index (piabs), which decreased throughout phenological development and in virally infected plants. This decrease suggests that psii shifts the conversion of light energy from chemical to heat dissipation, making it an excellent parameter for assessing the vitality of Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards.

Caractérisation du Cabernet Sauvignon de la vallée de Maipo (Chili) par mesure de la fluorescence

Les maladies virales sont une cause importante de la diminution de la qualité des raisins et de la production des vignobles. Parmi les agents principaux, nous trouvons les grapevine leafroll-associated virus (glravs) et grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav). Toutefois, l’analyse phytosanitaire des vignobles concernant les virus est difficile à réaliser sur le terrain, et les tests moléculaires sont généralement coûteux. De plus, un outil capable de fournir une quantité considérable d’informations sur l’état physiologique des plantes est la mesure de la fluorescence transitoire de la chlorophylle a. Dans ce travail, nous avons analysé ce paramètre en utilisant le test ojiv sur des plants de cabernet sauvignon, le principal cépage rouge au chili, pour évaluer l’état phytosanitaire vis-à-vis des viroses. Initialement, la fluorescence a été évaluée chez les vignes productives tout au long de leur développement, puis chez des plants infectés par glravs ou glravs+grspav. Il a été observé que la cinétique d’émission de fluorescence diminuait tout au long du développement phénologique et était également plus faible chez les clones présentant des infections virales, particulièrement pour les valeurs de fluorescence à 50 μs (fo) et de fluorescence maximale (fm), reflétant une limitation dans le don d’électrons par les complexes libérateurs d’oxygène et des changements dans le complexe antenne du photosystème ii (psii). Le paramètre ayant montré les différences les plus significatives était l’indice de performance (piabs), qui diminuait à la fois tout au long du développement phénologique et chez les plants virosés. Cette diminution suggère que le psii modifie la conversion de l’énergie lumineuse de chimique en dissipation de chaleur, en faisant un excellent paramètre pour évaluer la vitalité des vignobles de Cabernet Sauvignon.

Caracterización del Cabernet Sauvignon del valle del Maipo (Chile) usando mediciones de fluorescencia

Las enfermedades virales son una causa importante de disminución de calidad de la uva y producción de los viñedos y de la calidad de la uva. Entre los principales agentes encontamos a los virus asociados al enrollamiento de la hoja de la vid (glravs) y los asociados al picado del tallo en rupestris (grspav). Sin embargo, el análisis fitosanitario del viñedo respecto a virus es dificil de realizar en terreno, y las pruebas moleculares son en general costosas. Por otra parte, una herramienta que es capaz de aportar gran cantidad de información del estado fisiologico de las plantas es la medición de fluorecencia transitoria de clorofila a. En el presente trabajo  analizamos este parametro, mediante la prueba ojiv en plantas de cabernet sauvignon, principal cultivar tinto en chile, para evaluar el estado fitosanitario respecto a virosis. En primer lugar, se evaluó la fluorescencia en vides productivas a lo largo de su desarrollo, y luego se analizó en plantas infectadas con glravs o glravs+grspav. Se observó que la cinética de emisión de fluorescencia disminuyó a lo largo del desarrollo fenológico, así como tambien fue menor en los clones que presentaban infecciones virales, siendo especialmente bajos los valores de fluorescencia a 50 s (fo) y fluorescencia máxima (fm), reflejando limitación en la donación de electrones por parte de los complejos liberadores de oxígeno y cambios en el complejo antena del fotosistema ii (psii). El parámetro que reflejó las diferencias más significativas fue el índice de rendimiento (piabs), que disminuyó a lo largo del desarrollo fenológico y también en plantas con virosis. Dicha disminución indicaría que psii cambia la conversión de la energía luminosa de química a disipación de calor, volviéndolo un excelente parámetro para evaluar la vitalidad de los viñedos de Cabernet Sauvignon.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Consuelo Ceppi de Lecco¹, Pablo Cañón²

¹ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
² Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Effect of moderate wine consumption in animal models

In 1979, the so-called “french paradox” was proposed, that is, a correlation between wine consumption, a diet rich in saturated fats, and a low mortality from coronary heart disease. On the other hand, it has also been described that alcohol consumption has negative effects on aging and increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and cancer. However, both hypotheses are based on population studies that may present distortions due to multiple factors (geographic, diet, smoking, socioeconomic level, etc.).

Generation of radicals in wine by cavitation and study of their interaction with metals, phenols and carboxylic acids

High-power ultrasounds have been related to an accelerated aging of wines, an effect that has been associated to the formation of radical species caused by the cavitation phenomenon [1]. This phenomenon consists of the formation of bubbles in the liquid medium that, when they collapse, cause high-pressure hot spots and temperatures of up to 4800 k [2], notably increasing the reactivity in the medium.

Un jour, l’AOD (Appellation d’Origine viticole Durable), fusion de l’origine et de la durabilité

The evolution of wine quality issues is historically expressed by the passage from wine quality (what is a wine?) to wine quality (what is a good wine?). Perhaps the next question could be: what is a good sustainable wine? To contribute to reflection on this theme, it may be worthwhile to undertake an exercise in prospective fiction, which we have identified in the hypothesis of the AOD, the “appellation d’origine durable”, a scenario we will develop in the light of developments in the wine industry and the regulation on geographical indications.

Vitiforestry as innovative heritage. Adaptive conservation of historical wine-growing landscapes as response to XXI century’s challenges.

Traditional agricultural and agro-pastoral systems (prior to industrial revolution) often have the characteristic of being multiple systems, in which multiple crops are hosted simultaneously on the same plot. currently research suggests to study more in depth the potential of multiple agricultural systems in order to detect those characteristics of multiple agrarian systems that could allow modern viticulture to adapt to the challenges posed by climate change: rising temperatures with impacts on the phenological cycle of the vine, resurgence of plant deseases, extreme soil washout phenomena and hail storms, among others.

Biodiversidad de levaduras no-Saccharomyces aisladas de viñedos uruguayos: Lachancea thermotolerans y su potencial en la industria de bebidas fermentadas

Non-saccharomyces yeasts play a crucial role in fermentation, producing a variety of secondary metabolites and enzymes that contribute to aromatic and sensory complexity compared to saccharomyces yeasts. It is crucial to understand and control the dynamics of non-saccharomyces yeasts to produce distinctive and high-quality fermented beverages.