terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon from Maipo valley (Chile) using fluorescence measurement

Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon from Maipo valley (Chile) using fluorescence measurement

Abstract

Viral diseases are a significant cause of both decreased grape quality and vineyard production. Important agents include grapevine leafroll-associated virus (glravs) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav). However, conducting phytosanitary analysis of vineyards for viruses on-site is challenging, and molecular testing is generally expensive. Additionally, a valuable tool that can provide extensive information on the physiological state of plants is the measurement of transient chlorophyll-a fluorescence. In this work, we analyzed this parameter using the ojiv test on Cabernet Sauvignon plants, the main red cultivar in chile, to assess the phytosanitary status concerning viral infections. Initially, fluorescence was evaluated in productive vines throughout their development, followed by analysis in plants infected with glravs or glravs+grspav. It was observed that the kinetics of fluorescence emission decreased throughout phenological development and was also lower in clones with viral infections, especially at values of fluorescence at 50 μs (fo) and maximum fluorescence (fm), indicating limitations in electron donation by the oxygen-evolving complexes and changes in the antenna complex of photosystem ii (psii). The parameter that showed the most significant differences was the performance index (piabs), which decreased throughout phenological development and in virally infected plants. This decrease suggests that psii shifts the conversion of light energy from chemical to heat dissipation, making it an excellent parameter for assessing the vitality of Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards.

Caractérisation du Cabernet Sauvignon de la vallée de Maipo (Chili) par mesure de la fluorescence

Les maladies virales sont une cause importante de la diminution de la qualité des raisins et de la production des vignobles. Parmi les agents principaux, nous trouvons les grapevine leafroll-associated virus (glravs) et grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav). Toutefois, l’analyse phytosanitaire des vignobles concernant les virus est difficile à réaliser sur le terrain, et les tests moléculaires sont généralement coûteux. De plus, un outil capable de fournir une quantité considérable d’informations sur l’état physiologique des plantes est la mesure de la fluorescence transitoire de la chlorophylle a. Dans ce travail, nous avons analysé ce paramètre en utilisant le test ojiv sur des plants de cabernet sauvignon, le principal cépage rouge au chili, pour évaluer l’état phytosanitaire vis-à-vis des viroses. Initialement, la fluorescence a été évaluée chez les vignes productives tout au long de leur développement, puis chez des plants infectés par glravs ou glravs+grspav. Il a été observé que la cinétique d’émission de fluorescence diminuait tout au long du développement phénologique et était également plus faible chez les clones présentant des infections virales, particulièrement pour les valeurs de fluorescence à 50 μs (fo) et de fluorescence maximale (fm), reflétant une limitation dans le don d’électrons par les complexes libérateurs d’oxygène et des changements dans le complexe antenne du photosystème ii (psii). Le paramètre ayant montré les différences les plus significatives était l’indice de performance (piabs), qui diminuait à la fois tout au long du développement phénologique et chez les plants virosés. Cette diminution suggère que le psii modifie la conversion de l’énergie lumineuse de chimique en dissipation de chaleur, en faisant un excellent paramètre pour évaluer la vitalité des vignobles de Cabernet Sauvignon.

Caracterización del Cabernet Sauvignon del valle del Maipo (Chile) usando mediciones de fluorescencia

Las enfermedades virales son una causa importante de disminución de calidad de la uva y producción de los viñedos y de la calidad de la uva. Entre los principales agentes encontamos a los virus asociados al enrollamiento de la hoja de la vid (glravs) y los asociados al picado del tallo en rupestris (grspav). Sin embargo, el análisis fitosanitario del viñedo respecto a virus es dificil de realizar en terreno, y las pruebas moleculares son en general costosas. Por otra parte, una herramienta que es capaz de aportar gran cantidad de información del estado fisiologico de las plantas es la medición de fluorecencia transitoria de clorofila a. En el presente trabajo  analizamos este parametro, mediante la prueba ojiv en plantas de cabernet sauvignon, principal cultivar tinto en chile, para evaluar el estado fitosanitario respecto a virosis. En primer lugar, se evaluó la fluorescencia en vides productivas a lo largo de su desarrollo, y luego se analizó en plantas infectadas con glravs o glravs+grspav. Se observó que la cinética de emisión de fluorescencia disminuyó a lo largo del desarrollo fenológico, así como tambien fue menor en los clones que presentaban infecciones virales, siendo especialmente bajos los valores de fluorescencia a 50 s (fo) y fluorescencia máxima (fm), reflejando limitación en la donación de electrones por parte de los complejos liberadores de oxígeno y cambios en el complejo antena del fotosistema ii (psii). El parámetro que reflejó las diferencias más significativas fue el índice de rendimiento (piabs), que disminuyó a lo largo del desarrollo fenológico y también en plantas con virosis. Dicha disminución indicaría que psii cambia la conversión de la energía luminosa de química a disipación de calor, volviéndolo un excelente parámetro para evaluar la vitalidad de los viñedos de Cabernet Sauvignon.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Consuelo Ceppi de Lecco¹, Pablo Cañón²

¹ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
² Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Closure permeability modulates the aroma expression of monovarietal white wines during bottle ageing

Bottle ageing is a critical period for wine quality, as it undergoes various chemical and sensory changes during storage. Ideally, a phase of qualitative ageing, during which wine sensory quality improves, is followed by a decline of quality. Understanding how different oenological variables influence these phases is a key challenge in modern winemaking. Recent studies highlighted the significant role of oxygen in modulating reactions involving volatile and non-volatile components, impacting aroma evolution during bottle aging. Oxygen exposure of wine during bottle ageing is mediated by closure.

Smoke tainted wine – what now?

The frequency of bushfires close to wine regions around the world has increased in the last two decades. The economic losses incurred when grapes and wines are discarded due to ‘smoke taint’ are substantial (i.e., hundreds of millions of dollars). Efforts to mitigate and ameliorate smoke taint are therefore crucial. Chardonnay, rosé and cabernet sauvignon wines made from grapes exposed to smoke during the 2020 wildfires in eastern Australia were subjected to various amelioration techniques: the addition of activated carbons, molecularly imprinted polymers (mips), and a proprietary resin (either directly, or following membrane filtration); spinning cone column (scc) distillation; and finally, transformation into vinegar.

Sélection génétique des variétés originelles d’Arménie, berceau de la viticulture mondiale

Armenia, a small country in the South of the Caucasus, has been rediscovering its wine-growing past since the discovery in 2007 of archaeological wine-growing remains dating back around 8,000 years. They are among the oldest in the world. Despite a great diversity of grape varieties, Armenian winegrowers did not have sufficiently organized genetic collections to produce plants and satisfy the growing demand for planting.

Transforming the grapevine world through new breeding techniques

Climate change and environmental degradation are existential threats to europe and the world. One of the most important objectives is to reduce by 2030 the use and the risk of chemical pesticides and fertilisers, reducing nutrient losses and increasing organic farming. Grapevine (vitis spp.) is one of the major and most economically important fruit crops worldwide. It is characterised by high levels of genetic diversity, as result of natural genetic mutations, which are common in grapevines and further assisted by ongoing vegetative propagation.

Successful training on responsible wine consumption in Germany

Considering that „prevention requires information”, in 2007, the european education program wine in moderation (wim) started. The common message of responsible and only moderate wine consumption is implemented in each participating country, adapted to national circumstances. In germany, besides recruiting new wim members from the wine sector, the deutsche weinakademie focusses also on information and education of future wine makers and cellar men in professional schools. The seminars cover basic information about the existing legal framework (youth protecting law, drink driving laws, etc.), the self regulation code of conduct for commercial communications (advertising) of alcoholic beverages as well as the health effects of alcoholic beverages, and of wine in particular.