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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Evaluation of the enological potential of red grapes in southern Brazil

Evaluation of the enological potential of red grapes in southern Brazil

Abstract

The Campanha Gaúcha is located in the pampa biome and has unique characteristics, as it is the hottest producing region with the lowest volume of rain in southern Brazil. Furthermore, the large extensions of flat or low-sloping areas, harsh winters and great sunshine during the ripening period, made this the second largest producer of fine wines in Brazil. In 2020, a major milestone occurred for the region through the achievement of the gaúcha campaign indication of origin seal. This recommendation includes 36 varieties, including petit verdot, merlot, alicante bouschet and touriga nacional. In this context, the present study sought to test these cultivars in the 2021 harvest, produced in the municipality of dom pedrito, with the purpose of characterizing the wines. Traditional vinification was carried out with 7 days of maceration, addition of the same selected yeast, spontaneous malolactic fermentation, and packaging without filtration, in a standardized way and with biological triplicates for each cultivar. During and after the winemaking process, analyzes of chromatic parameters (color intensity, free anthocyanins, total polyphenols) were carried out by spectrophotometry, in addition to physical-chemical analyses, of alcohol, total acidity, glycerol, sugar, malic acid and lactic acid for characterization of wines in relation to their standard of identity and quality. The sensorial characterization of these wines was also carried out, using quantitative descriptive analysis, through a panel of trained tasters. The mean and standard deviation between biological and analytical replicates of each treatment were calculated. The alcoholic content varied considerably between the cultivars, with the lowest value presented by the alicante bouschet cultivar (9.5% v/v) and the highest level presented by the merlot cultivar (13.8% v/v), the other cultivars were in the range of 12% v/v. Considering the adverse conditions of the harvest, the results show that the merlot cultivar, widely cultivated in different regions of the world, stood out. Regarding acidity, the extremes were the touriga nacional cultivar with 50.3 meq l-1 of total acidity and the alicante bouschet cultivar with 97.3 meq l-1. Regarding the total polyphenol index, the petit verdot cultivar presented high levels, above 90.0, showing its vocation for making aging wines in the campanha gaúcha region. The Merlot and Touriga nacional cultivars have values just above 50.0, thus having potential for young wines and traditional reds for short consumption. In relation to sensory analysis, the evaluators assigned aromatic descriptors to each variety, for Petit Verdot: strawberry, raspberry, cherry, toasted and plum in syrup. For merlot: pepper, plum, blackberry, smoked and red fruits. For alicante bouschet: plum, strawberry, cherry, mint and clove. And for touriga nacional: pepper, plum, blackberry, smoked and red fruits. Furthermore, the sensory panel assigned global appreciation scores for the wines between 85 and 88 points, a fact that values the potential of the wines, even in adverse harvest conditions, in this production region. As a conclusion, it can be highlighted that the tested cultivars have good oenological potential in the municipality of dom pedrito. Further studies of these varieties are suggested for better characterization and evaluation, to better assess the impact of the harvest factor on the suitability of these varieties in the municipality of dom pedrito-rs.

Evaluación del potencial enológico de las uvas tintas en el sur de Brasil

La campanha gaúcha está ubicada en el bioma de la pampa y tiene características únicas, ya que es la región productora más cálida y con menor volumen de lluvia del sur de Brasil. Además, las grandes extensiones de zonas planas o de baja pendiente, los duros inviernos y la gran insolación durante el período de maduración, convirtieron a esta región en la segunda mayor productora de vinos finos de Brasil. En 2020, ocurrió un hito importante para la región con la consecución del sello de indicación de origen de la campaña gaúcha. Esta recomendación incluye 36 variedades, entre ellas petit verdot, merlot, alicante bouschet y touriga nacional. En ese contexto, el presente estudio buscó probar estos cultivares en la cosecha 2021, producidos en el municipio de dom pedrito, con el propósito de caracterizar los vinos. La vinificación tradicional se realizó con 7 días de maceración, adición de las mismas levaduras seleccionadas, fermentación maloláctica espontánea y envasado sin filtración, de forma estandarizada y con triplicados biológicos para cada cultivar. Durante y después del proceso de elaboración del vino se realizaron análisis de parámetros cromáticos (intensidad de color, antocianos libres, polifenoles totales) mediante espectrofotometría, además de análisis físico-químicos, de alcohol, acidez total, glicerol, azúcar, ácido málico y ácido láctico. Para la caracterización de los vinos en relación con su estándar de identidad y calidad. También se realizó la caracterización sensorial de estos vinos, mediante análisis descriptivo cuantitativo, a través de un panel de catadores capacitados. Se calcularon la media y la desviación estándar entre las réplicas biológicas y analíticas de cada tratamiento. El contenido alcohólico varió considerablemente entre los cultivares, siendo el valor más bajo presentado por el cultivar alicante bouschet (9,5% v/v) y el nivel más alto presentado por el cultivar merlot (13,8% v/v), los demás cultivares estuvieron en el rango del 12% v/v. Considerando las condiciones adversas de la cosecha, los resultados muestran que se destacó la variedad Merlot, ampliamente cultivada en diferentes regiones del mundo. En cuanto a la acidez, los extremos fueron el cultivar touriga nacional con 50,3 meq l-1 de acidez total y el cultivar alicante bouschet con 97,3 meq l-1. En cuanto al índice de polifenoles totales, la variedad petit verdot presentó niveles elevados, superiores a 90,0, mostrando su vocación para la elaboración de vinos de crianza en la región de campanha gaúcha. Los cultivares merlot y touriga nacional tienen valores poco superiores a 50,0, teniendo así potencial para vinos jóvenes y tintos tradicionales de consumo corto. En relación al análisis sensorial, los evaluadores asignaron descriptores aromáticos a cada variedad, para petit verdot: fresa, frambuesa, cereza, tostada y ciruela en almíbar. Para Merlot: pimienta, ciruela, mora, ahumados y frutos rojos. Para Alicante bouschet: ciruela, fresa, cereza, menta y clavo. Y para Touriga nacional: pimienta, ciruela, mora, ahumados y frutos rojos. Además, el panel sensorial asignó puntuaciones de apreciación global a los vinos entre 85 y 88 puntos, dato que valora el potencial de los vinos, incluso en condiciones adversas de cosecha, en esta región de producción. Como conclusión se puede destacar que los cultivares ensayados tienen buen potencial enológico en el municipio de dom pedrito. Se sugieren más estudios de estas variedades para una mejor caracterización y evaluación, para evaluar mejor el impacto del factor de cosecha en la idoneidad de estas variedades en el municipio de dom pedrito-rs.

Valutazione del potenziale enologico delle uve rosse nel sud del Brasile

La campanha gaúcha si trova nel bioma della pampa e presenta caratteristiche uniche, poiché è la regione di produzione più calda e con il volume di pioggia più basso del Brasile meridionale. Inoltre, le grandi estensioni di zone pianeggianti o poco declivi, gli inverni rigidi e il grande soleggiamento durante il periodo di maturazione, ne hanno fatto il secondo produttore di vini pregiati del Brasile. Nel 2020, si è verificata un’importante pietra miliare per la regione attraverso l’ottenimento del sigillo di indicazione di origine della campagna gaúcha. Questa raccomandazione comprende 36 varietà, tra cui petit verdot, merlot, alicante bouschet e touriga nacional. In questo contesto, il presente studio ha cercato di testare queste cultivar nella vendemmia 2021, prodotte nel comune di dom pedrito, con lo scopo di caratterizzare i vini. La vinificazione tradizionale è stata effettuata con 7 giorni di macerazione, aggiunta degli stessi lieviti selezionati, fermentazione malolattica spontanea e confezionamento senza filtrazione, in modo standardizzato e con triplicati biologici per ciascuna cultivar. Durante e dopo la vinificazione sono state effettuate analisi spettrofotometriche dei parametri cromatici (intensità del colore, antociani liberi, polifenoli totali), oltre alle analisi fisico-chimiche, di alcol, acidità totale, glicerolo, zucchero, acido malico e acido lattico. Per la caratterizzazione dei vini in relazione al loro standard di identità e qualità. La caratterizzazione sensoriale di questi vini è stata effettuata anche mediante l’utilizzo dell’analisi descrittiva quantitativa, attraverso un panel di assaggiatori addestrati. Sono state calcolate la media e la deviazione standard tra le repliche biologiche e analitiche di ciascun trattamento. Il contenuto alcolico variava considerevolmente tra le cultivar, con il valore più basso presentato dalla cultivar alicante bouschet (9,5% v/v) e il livello più alto presentato dalla cultivar merlot (13,8% v/v), le altre cultivar rientravano nell’intervallo del 12% v/v. Considerando le condizioni avverse della vendemmia, i risultati mostrano che si è distinta la cultivar merlot, ampiamente coltivata in diverse regioni del mondo. Per quanto riguarda l’acidità, gli estremi erano la cultivar touriga nacional con 50,3 meq l-1 di acidità totale e la cultivar alicante bouschet con 97,3 meq l-1. Per quanto riguarda l’indice dei polifenoli totali, la cultivar Petit Verdot ha presentato livelli elevati, superiori a 90,0, dimostrando la sua vocazione alla produzione di vini da invecchiamento nella regione di campanha gaúcha. Le cultivar merlot e touriga nacional hanno valori poco superiori a 50,0, avendo quindi potenziale per vini giovani e rossi tradizionali di breve consumo. Per quanto riguarda l’analisi sensoriale, i valutatori hanno assegnato a ciascuna varietà dei descrittori aromatici, per il Petit Verdot: fragola, lampone, ciliegia, tostato e prugna sciroppata. Per il Merlot: pepe, prugna, mora, affumicato e frutti rossi. Per Alicante Bouschet: prugna, fragola, ciliegia, menta e chiodi di garofano. E per il touriga nacional: pepe, prugna, mora, affumicato e frutti rossi. Inoltre, il panel sensoriale ha assegnato punteggi di apprezzamento globale ai vini compresi tra 85 e 88 punti, un fatto che valorizza il potenziale dei vini, anche in condizioni di vendemmia avverse, in questa regione di produzione. In conclusione si può evidenziare che le cultivar testate presentano un buon potenziale enologico nel comune di dom pedrito. Si suggeriscono ulteriori studi su queste varietà per una migliore caratterizzazione e valutazione, per valutare meglio l’impatto del fattore raccolto sull’idoneità di queste varietà nel comune di dom pedrito-rs.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Marcos Gabbardo¹, Bianca da Fonseca Fontoura², Wellynthon Machado da Cunha², Esther Theisen Gabbardo², Bruna Gonçalves Schmidt², Jansen Moreira Silveira²

¹ Universidade Federal do Pampa, Brazil
² Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Dom Pedrito, Brazil

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Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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