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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Promoting sustainability in Mediterranean agriculture: insights from the Portuguese vine & wine sector

Promoting sustainability in Mediterranean agriculture: insights from the Portuguese vine & wine sector

Abstract

Agroecology is an integrated approach that simultaneously applies ecological and social concepts and principles to redesign and manage food and agricultural systems, promoting agroecosystems with the necessary biological, socio-economic, and institutional diversity and alignment to support greater efficiency. Thus, several studies have been carried out at promoting the adoption of more agroecological practices among farmers and a wider audience concerning soil conservation and health maintenance. The present study aimed at characterizing the socio-economic factors that lead farmers to accept and adopt more sustainable practices. Herein, we have addressed technical and economic aspects, in an integrated manner, in order to demonstrate the benefits of sustainable agroecosystems focused on mediterranean crops. To achieve this, a survey was conducted to map and characterize viticultural practices in portuguese vineyards, as well as winegrowers’ perceptions regarding the acceptance and implementation of alternative agricultural practices. The questionnaire also identified some barriers and opportunities for the application and adoption of alternative agricultural practices toward sustainable agriculture, considering technical and socio-economic aspects, vineyard characteristics, agricultural practices, and farmers’ educational level.  Winegrowers identified climate change adaptation and biodiversity preservation as the most important benefits of implementing alternative practices. Additionally, they demonstrated awareness of the importance of adopting alternative viticultural practices, especially for environmental improvement (biodiversity and natural resources conservation), as well as for increased sustainability of their operations/vineyards and greater profitability (e.g., through wine tourism). It was also possible to perceive that most respondents had a very clear and objective perception of what alternative practices are, even though showing some difficulty in changing habits and work techniques, loss of profitability, and increased production costs. Altogether, our study highlights that portuguese winegrowers are aware of the importance of agroecological practices, such as sexual confusion, no-till farming, ecological corridors, and the preservation of biodiversity (e.g. Insect shelters), reinforcing their position in adopting these approaches for the expansion of agroecology in the context of the ongoing reforms of european agricultural policy. 

Acknowledgments: this work was supported by the prima project recrop – bioinocula and cropping systems: an integrated biotechnological approach for improving crop yield, biodiversity, and resilience of mediterranean agroecosystems (prima/0002/2020, prima/0003/2020), exclusively financed by national funds through fct, i.p. M. J. Oliveira, c. Santos and c. Barbosa were also financially supported by colab vines&wines (funding program re-c05-i02 – missão interface nº 01/c05-i02/2022).

Fomento de la sostenibilidad en la agricultura mediterránea: panorama del sector vitivinícola portugués

La agroecología es un enfoque integrado que aplica simultáneamente conceptos y principios ecológicos y sociales para rediseñar y gestionar los sistemas alimentarios y agrícolas, promoviendo agroecosistemas con la diversidad y la alineación biológica, socioeconómica e institucional necesarias para apoyar una mayor eficiencia. Así, se han llevado a cabo varios estudios para promover la adopción de más prácticas agroecológicas entre los agricultores y un público más amplio en relación con la conservación del suelo y el mantenimiento de la salud. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar los factores socioeconómicos que llevan a los agricultores a aceptar y adoptar prácticas más sostenibles. Para ello, hemos abordado aspectos técnicos y económicos, de forma integrada, con el fin de demostrar los beneficios de los agroecosistemas sostenibles centrados en los cultivos mediterráneos. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una encuesta para cartografiar y caracterizar las prácticas vitícolas en los viñedos portugueses, así como las percepciones de los viticultores respecto a la aceptación y aplicación de prácticas agrícolas alternativas. El cuestionario también identificó algunas barreras y oportunidades para la aplicación y adopción de prácticas agrícolas alternativas hacia una agricultura sostenible, considerando aspectos técnicos y socioeconómicos, características de los viñedos, prácticas agrícolas y nivel educativo de los agricultores. Los viticultores señalaron la adaptación al cambio climático y la conservación de la biodiversidad como los beneficios más importantes de la aplicación de prácticas alternativas. Además, demostraron ser conscientes de la importancia de adoptar prácticas vitícolas alternativas, especialmente para la mejora del medio ambiente (conservación de la biodiversidad y de los recursos naturales), así como para aumentar la sostenibilidad de sus explotaciones/viñedos y la rentabilidad (por ejemplo, a través del enoturismo). También se pudo percibir que la mayoría de los encuestados tenía una percepción muy clara y objetiva de lo que son las prácticas alternativas, aunque mostrando cierta dificultad para cambiar hábitos y técnicas de trabajo, pérdida de rentabilidad y aumento de los costes de producción. En conjunto, nuestro estudio pone de relieve que los viticultores portugueses son conscientes de la importancia de las prácticas agroecológicas, como la confusión sexual, la siembra directa, los corredores ecológicos y la preservación de la biodiversidad (por ejemplo, refugios para insectos), lo que refuerza su posición en la adopción de estos enfoques para la expansión de la agroecología en el contexto de las reformas en curso de la política agrícola europea. 

Agradecimientos: este trabajo fue apoyado por el proyecto prima recrop – bioinocula and cropping systems: an integrated biotechnological approach for improving crop yield, biodiversity, and resilience of mediterranean agroecosystems (prima/0002/2020, prima/0003/2020), financiado exclusivamente con fondos nacionales a través de fct, i. P. M. J. Oliveira, c. Santos y c. Barbosa también recibieron apoyo financiero del colab vines&wines (programa de financiación re-c05-i02 – missão interface nº 01/c05-i02/2022).

Promouvoir la durabilité dans l’agriculture méditerranéenne : un aperçu du secteur portugais de la vigne et du vin

L’agroécologie est une approche intégrée qui applique simultanément des concepts et des principes écologiques et sociaux pour repenser et gérer les systèmes alimentaires et agricoles, en promouvant des agroécosystèmes dotés de la diversité et de l’alignement biologiques, socio-économiques et institutionnels nécessaires pour soutenir une plus grande efficacité. Ainsi, plusieurs études ont été menées pour promouvoir l’adoption de pratiques plus agroécologiques parmi les agriculteurs et un public plus large en ce qui concerne la conservation des sols et le maintien de la santé. La présente étude visait à caractériser les facteurs socio-économiques qui amènent les agriculteurs à accepter et à adopter des pratiques plus durables. Nous avons abordé les aspects techniques et économiques, de manière intégrée, afin de démontrer les avantages des agroécosystèmes durables axés sur les cultures méditerranéennes. Pour ce faire, une enquête a été menée pour cartographier et caractériser les pratiques viticoles dans les vignobles portugais, ainsi que les perceptions des viticulteurs concernant l’acceptation et la mise en œuvre de pratiques agricoles alternatives. Le questionnaire a également permis d’identifier certaines barrières et opportunités pour l’application et l’adoption de pratiques agricoles alternatives en vue d’une agriculture durable, en tenant compte des aspects techniques et socio-économiques, des caractéristiques des vignobles, des pratiques agricoles et du niveau d’éducation des agriculteurs. Les viticulteurs ont identifié l’adaptation au changement climatique et la préservation de la biodiversité comme les avantages les plus importants de la mise en œuvre de pratiques alternatives. En outre, ils ont montré qu’ils étaient conscients de l’importance d’adopter des pratiques viticoles alternatives, en particulier pour l’amélioration de l’environnement (conservation de la biodiversité et des ressources naturelles), ainsi que pour la durabilité accrue de leurs opérations/vignobles et une plus grande rentabilité (par exemple, par le biais du tourisme viticole). Il a également été possible de constater que la plupart des personnes interrogées avaient une perception très claire et objective de ce que sont les pratiques alternatives, même si elles montraient une certaine difficulté à changer les habitudes et les techniques de travail, une perte de rentabilité et une augmentation des coûts de production. Dans l’ensemble, notre étude montre que les viticulteurs portugais sont conscients de l’importance des pratiques agroécologiques, telles que la confusion sexuelle, la culture sans labour, les corridors écologiques et la préservation de la biodiversité (par exemple, les abris pour insectes), ce qui renforce leur position en faveur de l’adoption de ces approches pour l’expansion de l’agroécologie dans le contexte des réformes en cours de la politique agricole européenne. 

Remerciements : ce travail a été soutenu par le projet prima recrop – bioinocula and cropping systems : an integrated biotechnological approach for improving crop yield, biodiversity, and resilience of mediterranean agroecosystems (prima/0002/2020, prima/0003/2020), exclusivement financé par des fonds nationaux par le biais du fct, i. P. M. J. Oliveira, c. Santos et c. Barbosa ont également bénéficié du soutien financier du colab vines&wines (programme de financement re-c05-i02 – missão interface nº 01/c05-i02/2022).

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Manuel João Oliveira¹, Cátia Santos¹, Igor Gonçalves¹, Rui Soares², Sofia Pereira³, Paula Castro³, Catarina Barbosa¹

¹ ADVID – Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense, Edifício Centro de Excelência da Vinha e do Vinho, Régia Douro Park, Vila Real, Portugal
² Real Companhia Velha, Rua de Azevedo Magalhães, 314, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
³ CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, Porto, Portugal

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Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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