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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Biomarker-based phenotyping of grapevine (vitis spp.) resistance to plasmopara viticola reveals interactions between pyramided resistance loci

Biomarker-based phenotyping of grapevine (vitis spp.) resistance to plasmopara viticola reveals interactions between pyramided resistance loci

Abstract

Grape downy mildew, caused by plasmopara viticola, is one of the main diseases affecting viticulture worldwide and its control usually relies on frequent sprays with agrochemicals. Grapevine varieties resistant to p. Viticola represent an effective solution to control downy mildew and reduce the environmental impact of viticulture.  Loci of resistance to p. Viticola (Rpv) have been introgressed from wild vitis species and some of them, like Rpv1, Rpv3.1 and Rpv10, are currently the most utilized genetic resources in grape breeding. Nevertheless, p. Viticola strains overcoming rpv-mediated resistances have been isolated and represent a new major threat. One strategy to increase the effectiveness and durability of resistance is to pyramidize several Rpv loci in the same bred variety. Traditional visual assessment of grapevine resistance has shown its resolution limits because of the subjectivity of the practice and humans or technical constraints. In this context, minor rpv effects and interactions in pyramided combinations remained almost unrevealed to date.  In our study, we generated a segregating population for three rpv (Rpv1, Rpv3.1 and Rpv10) and performed phenotyping of offspring resistance in the laboratory (i.e., on leaf discs), with two p. Viticola strains (a naive strain and a resistance-breaking strain). Downy mildew infection was assessed by visual scoring (OIV452-1) and by quantification of plasmopara-specific biomarkers using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The utilization of p. Viticola biomarkers provided a fine quantification of resistance mediated by the different pyramided rpv, elucidating differences that could not be recorded visually. Furthermore, we stated that a defeated rpv can still provide a minor but significant resistance effect on the relative virulent p. Viticola strain.  This work provides an example of pathogen-specific metabolomic biomarkers application in plant resistance study, in particular for minor effects and genetic determinism characterization. For breeding, we provide an optimized high-resolution phenotyping strategy to better characterize rpv interactions in order to make resistance more sustainable.

Le phénotypage pour la résistance de la vigne à plasmopara viticola à l’aide de bio-marqueurs révèle des interactions entre différents loci de résistance pyramidés

Le mildiou de la vigne causé par plasmopara viticola est une des maladies majeures de la viticulture dans le monde et elle est principalement contrôlée par l’application répétée de fongicides. Une alternative à cette pratique est la création de variétés de vigne résistantes à p. Viticola.  Des loci de résistance à p. Viticola (Rpv) ont été introduits à partir d’espèces sauvages de vitis et certains d’entre eux, comme Rpv1, Rpv3.1 et Rpv10, représentent actuellement les ressources génétiques les plus utilisées pour la création variétale. Toutefois, des souches de p. Viticola aptes à contourner certains de ces rpv ont déjà été identifiées et apparaissent désormais comme une menace pour les nouvelles variétés. Ainsi, la stratégie de pyramidage de plusieurs de ces rpv devrait permettre d’augmenter l’efficacité et la durabilité de la résistance des nouvelles variétés. Traditionnellement, l’évaluation de la résistance est réalisée visuellement mais cette pratique est tributaire de l’observateur et présente des contraintes techniques. Dans ce contexte, les effets mineurs des rpv et les interactions entre eux lors du pyramidage n’ont pratiquement pas été révélés jusqu’à présent. Dans notre étude, nous avons généré une population en ségrégation pour trois Rpv (Rpv1, Rpv3.1 et Rpv10). Le phénotypage pour la résistance de la descendance a été réalisé en conditions contrôlées de laboratoire (c’est-à-dire sur des disques foliaires), avec deux souches de p. Viticola (une souche naïve et une souche brisant la résistance). Le niveau d’infection par le mildiou a été évalué par une notation visuelle (OIV452-1) et par la quantification de biomarqueurs spécifiques de p. Viticola à l’aide de la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution. L’utilisation de biomarqueurs de p. Viticola a permis une quantification précise de la résistance induite par les différents rpv pyramidés, montrant des différences qui ne pouvaient pas être détectées visuellement. En outre, nous avons constaté qu’un locus rpv contourné pouvait montrer un effet mineur mais significatif sur la résistance en présence de la souche virulente de p. Viticola.  Ce travail montre que l’utilisation de biomarqueurs métaboliques spécifiques d’un pathogène peut être très informative pour l’étude de la résistance des plantes, en particulier pour montrer des effets mineurs ou bien pour la caractérisation du déterminisme génétique de la résistance. Pour la sélection variétale, nous proposons ainsi une stratégie de phénotypage optimisée et à haute résolution afin de mieux caractériser les interactions entre les rpv, dans le but d’obtenir une résistance plus durable.

La fenotipizzazione della resistenza della vite (vitis spp.) A plasmopara viticola attraverso biomarcatori svela le interazioni tra loci di resistenza piramidati 

La peronospora della vite, causata da plasmopara viticola, è una delle principali malattie che colpiscono la viticoltura e il suo controllo si basa solitamente sull’utilizzo di frequenti trattamenti fitosanitari. Le varietà di vite resistenti a p. Viticola rappresentano una soluzione alternativa ed efficace per controllare la peronospora e ridurre l’impatto ambientale della viticoltura. Dei loci di resistenza a p. Viticola (Rpv) sono stati introgressi da specie selvatiche di vitis e alcuni di essi, come Rpv1, Rpv3.1 e Rpv10, rappresentano le fonti di resistenza principali nel miglioramento genetico varietale. Tuttavia, sono stati isolati numerosi ceppi di p. Viticola in grado di superare le resistenze controllate da loci rpv e rappresentano ora una nuova minaccia. Una strategia per aumentare l’efficacia e la durata della resistenza è la piramidazione di più rpv in una stessa varietà. La valutazione della resistenza attraverso descrittori visivi ha mostrato limiti di risoluzione per il carattere a causa della soggettività dell’osservatore e di vincoli umani e tecnici. A causa di questo contesto, le interazioni e gli effetti minori collegati ai loci rpv non sono stati rilevati fino ad oggi. Nel nostro studio abbiamo generato una popolazione segregante per tre Rpv (Rpv1, Rpv3.1 e Rpv10) ed eseguito la fenotipizzazione della resistenza nella progenie in laboratorio (su dischetti fogliari) con due ceppi di p. Viticola (un ceppo standard e un ceppo superante un locus di resistenza). L’infezione è stata valutata visivamente e attraverso biomarcatori associati a p. Viticola analizzati in spettrometria di massa ad alta risoluzione. L’utilizzo dei biomarcatori di p. Viticola ha fornito una quantificazione fine della resistenza determinata da diverse combinazioni di rpv piramidati, rivelando differenze non riscontrate con la valutazione visiva. Inoltre, abbiamo osservato che un rpv “superato” può avere un effetto minore ma significativo nel definire la resistenza nei confronti del ceppo di p. Viticola virulento.  Questo lavoro fornisce un esempio sull’utilizzo di biomarcatori metabolomici associati ad un agente patogeno per studiare la resistenza delle piante, in particolare nell’identificazione di effetti minori e la caratterizzazione delle basi genetiche del carattere. Nel campo del miglioramento genetico della vite, forniamo una strategia di fenotipizzazione ad alta risoluzione e ottimizzata utile a meglio descrivere le interazioni tra rpv e rendere la resistenza più sostenibile.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Tyrone Possamai¹, Raymonde Baltenweck¹, Marie-Céline Lacombe¹, Marie-Annick Dorne¹, Didier Merdinoglu¹, Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu¹, Philippe Hugueney¹

¹ INRAE – Centre Grand Est-Colmar, UMR 1131, 28 Rue de Herrlisheim, Colmar, France

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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