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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Biodiversity of non-saccharomyces yeasts from Uruguayan vineyards: lachancea thermotolerans and its potential in fermented beverages

Biodiversity of non-saccharomyces yeasts from Uruguayan vineyards: lachancea thermotolerans and its potential in fermented beverages

Abstract

Non-saccharomyces yeasts play a crucial role in fermentation, producing a variety of secondary metabolites and enzymes that contribute to aromatic and sensory complexity compared to saccharomyces yeasts. It is crucial to understand and control the dynamics of non-saccharomyces yeasts to produce distinctive and high-quality fermented beverages. This study aimed to select non-saccharomyces yeasts from the vineyard ecosystem, focusing on the search for yeasts of the species lachancea thermotolerans (l. Thermotolerans), as it is one of the most versatile species in the fermented beverage industry, including oenology and beer fermentation. It has the metabolic capacity to transform fermentable sugars (glucose, fructose, and maltose) into lactic acid, contributing to natural bioacidification, ph reduction, and lower alcohol content, which can result in greater sensory freshness. Isolations of yeasts were carried out from grapes in traditional viticultural areas of uruguay. Isolations were performed from various white and red grape varieties and their respective musts using plating on wl nutrient agar, chromagar, ypd, and ypm culture media. Species-level molecular identification was performed by sequencing the variable d1/d2 domain at the 5′ end of the 26s rdna subunit gene and subsequent homology search in the national center for biotechnology information database. To assess fermentative capacity, fermentations were conducted in 125 ml flasks using a beer-like wort and chardonnay must, with an inoculum size of 1×106 cells/ml and incubation at 20°c. Fermentation progress was monitored daily by weight loss due to co2 release until reaching a constant value, and density measurement with an easydens densimeter (anton paar) at the beginning and end of fermentation. The results demonstrated that the merlot variety exhibited the highest quantity and diversity of species, followed by the tannat variety. These two varieties are the most prevalent in uruguayan vineyards, ranking among the most planted red grape varieties. The most abundant species in merlot grapes was saccharomyces cerevisiae, representing 13% of the total species found. The next most prevalent species was hanseniaspora vineae, followed by aureobasidium pullulans and cryptococcus flavescens. In the case of tannat grapes, the dominant species was aureobasidium pullulans, followed by hanseniaspora uvarum. The chardonnay variety accounted for 14% of the isolated yeasts, demonstrating a high degree of variety. The remaining varieties exhibited a lower quantity and diversity of yeast species. The most prevalent genera were hanseniaspora sp., aureobasidium sp., and cryptococcus sp. Among the less common yeasts were l. Thermotolerans, candida sp., and pichia sp. Specifically within the species of interest for this work, 9 strains of l. Thermotolerans were isolated, of which strains al18_84 from albariño grapes, and m18_160 from merlot grapes were selected for their potential to be used for both wine and beer production due to their ability to consume glucose, fructose, and maltose. From a sensory perspective, strain m18_160 was selected for its ability to impart citrus, tropical fruit, and herbaceous sensory notes in wines; and fruity and citrus notes in beer. In the next stage, fermentation trials for strain m18_160 are planned to be scaled up, using a commercial l. Thermotolerans strain as a control, to confirm its fermentative capacity, ethanol production, glycerol, malic acid, lactic acid, and sensory analysis.

Biodiversidad de levaduras no-saccharomyces de viñedos uruguayos:  lachancea thermotolerans y su potencial en bebidas fermentadas

Las levaduras no-saccharomyces juegan un papel crucial en la fermentación, produciendo variedad de metabolitos secundarios y enzimas, contribuyendo a la complejidad aromática y sensorial con respecto a las levaduras saccharomyces. Comprender y controlar la dinámica de las levaduras no-saccharomyces es esencial para producir bebidas fermentadas diferenciales y de alta calidad. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue la selección de levaduras no-saccharomyces a partir del ecosistema del viñedo, centrándonos en la búsqueda de levaduras de la especie lachancea thermotolerans (l. Thermotolerans), por tratarse de una de las especies más versátiles de la industria de bebidas fermentadas, incluyendo la enología y la fermentación de cerveza. Tiene la capacidad metabólica de transformar parte de los azúcares fermentables (glucosa, fructosa y maltosa) a ácido láctico, contribuyendo a la bioacidificación natural, reducción de ph, y menor graduación alcohólica que puede resultar en un mayor frescor sensorial. Para esto se realizaron aislamientos de levaduras a partir de uvas, de zonas vitivinícolas tradicionales de uruguay. Los aislamientos se realizaron a partir de diversas variedades de uvas blancas y tintas, y sus respectivos mostos mediante siembras en placas en medios de cultivo wl nutrient agar, chromagar, ypd y ypm. La identificación molecular a nivel de especie se realizó mediante la secuenciación del dominio variable d1/d2 en el extremo 5’ del gen de la subunidad 26s del adnr y la posterior búsqueda de homologías en la base de datos del national center for biotechnology information. Para evaluar la capacidad fermentativa se realizaron fermentaciones en matraces de 125 ml en un símil mosto cervecero y en un mosto chardonnay, con un tamaño de inóculo de 1×106 cel/ml e incubación a 20°c. El avance de la fermentación se controló diariamente mediante pérdida de peso por liberación de c02 hasta alcanzar un valor constante, y medida de densidad con densímetro easydens (anton paar) al inicio y al final de la fermentación.  En cuanto a la biodiversidad encontrada, los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la variedad merlot fue la que presentó mayor cantidad y diversidad de especies, seguido por la variedad tannat. Estas dos variedades son las principales de los viñedos uruguayos, estando entre las variedades de uva tinta más plantadas. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fue la especie más abundante en la uva merlot (13 % respecto al total de las especies encontradas), seguida por hanseniaspora vineae, aureobasidium pullulans y cryptococcus flavescens. En el caso de las uvas tannat, la especie dominante fue aureobasidium pullulans, seguido por hanseniaspora uvarum. Por su parte, la variedad chardonnay dio origen al 14% de las levaduras aisladas, mostrando también una gran variedad de especies. El resto de las variedades presentaron menor cantidad y diversidad de especies de levaduras. Los géneros más abundantes fueron hanseniaspora sp., aureobasidium sp. Y cryptococcus sp. Dentro de las levaduras menos abundantes se encontró l. Thermotolerans, candida sp. Y pichia sp. Concretamente dentro de la especie de interés para este trabajo, se aislaron 9 cepas l. Thermotolerans, de las cuales se seleccionaron las cepas al18_84 proveniente de uvas albariño, y m18_160, proveniente de uvas merlot, por el potencial de ambas para ser utilizadas tanto para la elaboración de vino como de cerveza, debido a la capacidad de consumir glucosa, fructosa y maltosa. Desde el punto de vista sensorial, se seleccionó la cepa m18_160 por presentar en vinos notas sensoriales cítricas, frutas tropicales y herbáceo; y en cerveza notas frutales y cítricas. En una próxima etapa se prevé escalar los ensayos de fermentación para la cepa m18_160, utilizando como control una cepa comercial l. Thermotolerans, y así confirmar su capacidad fermentativa, producción de etanol, glicerol, ácido málico, ácido láctico, y análisis sensorial.

Biodiversità di lieviti non-saccharomyces nei vigneti uruguaiani: lachancea thermotolerans e il suo potenziale nelle bevande fermentate 

I lieviti non-saccharomyces svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella fermentazione, producendo una varietà di metaboliti secondari e enzimi, contribuendo alla complessità aromatica e sensoriale rispetto ai lieviti saccharomyces. Comprendere e controllare la dinamica dei lieviti non-saccharomyces è essenziale per produrre bevande fermentate differenziate e di alta qualità. In questo contesto, l’obiettivo di questo lavoro è stata la selezione di lieviti non-saccharomyces dall’ecosistema del vigneto, concentrandosi sulla ricerca di lieviti della specie lachancea thermotolerans (l. Thermotolerans), in quanto una delle specie più versatili nell’industria delle bevande fermentate, incluse l’enologia e la fermentazione della birra. Ha la capacità metabolica di trasformare parte degli zuccheri fermentabili (glucosio, fruttosio e maltosio) in acido lattico, contribuendo alla bioacidificazione naturale, alla riduzione del ph e a una minore gradazione alcolica che può risultare in una maggiore freschezza sensoriale. Per questo sono stati isolati lieviti da uve, provenienti da zone vitivinicole tradizionali dell’uruguay. Gli isolamenti sono stati effettuati da diverse varietà di uve bianche e rosse e dai loro rispettivi mosti mediante semina su piastre su terreni di coltura wl nutrient agar, chromagar, ypd e ypm. L’identificazione molecolare a livello di specie è stata effettuata mediante sequenziamento del dominio variabile d1/d2 all’estremità 5′ del gene della subunità 26s del rdna e successiva ricerca di omologie nel database del national center for biotechnology information. Per valutare la capacità fermentativa sono state effettuate fermentazioni in flaconi da 125 ml in un mosto simile a birra e in un mosto chardonnay, con un inoculo di 1×106 cellule/ml e incubazione a 20°c. L’avanzamento della fermentazione è stato controllato quotidianamente misurando la perdita di peso per la liberazione di co2 fino al raggiungimento di un valore costante e misurando la densità con un densimetro easydens (anton paar) all’inizio e alla fine della fermentazione. Per quanto riguarda la biodiversità trovata, i risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato che la varietà merlot ha presentato la maggiore quantità e diversità di specie, seguita dalla varietà tannat. Queste due varietà sono le principali nei vigneti uruguaiani, essendo tra le varietà di uva rossa più piantate. Saccharomyces cerevisiae è stata la specie più abbondante nell’uva merlot (13% rispetto al totale delle specie trovate), seguita da hanseniaspora vineae, aureobasidium pullulans e cryptococcus flavescens. Nel caso dell’uva tannat, la specie dominante è stata aureobasidium pullulans, seguita da hanseniaspora uvarum. La varietà chardonnay ha contribuito al 14% dei lieviti isolati, mostrando anche una grande varietà di specie. Il resto delle varietà ha presentato una minore quantità e diversità di specie di lieviti. I generi più abbondanti sono stati hanseniaspora sp., aureobasidium sp. E cryptococcus sp. Tra i lieviti meno abbondanti sono stati identificati l. Thermotolerans, candida sp. E pichia sp. In particolare, all’interno della specie di interesse per questo lavoro, sono state isolate 9 ceppi di l. Thermotolerans, di cui sono stati selezionati i ceppi al18_84 proveniente da uve albariño e m18_160 proveniente da uve merlot, per il loro potenziale sia nella produzione di vino che di birra, grazie alla capacità di consumare glucosio, fruttosio e maltosio. Dal punto di vista sensoriale, è stato selezionato il ceppo m18_160 per la presenza in vini di note sensoriali citriche, fruttate tropicali ed erbacee; e in birra di note fruttate e citriche. In una prossima fase è previsto di scalare gli esperimenti di fermentazione per il ceppo m18_160, utilizzando come controllo un ceppo commerciale di l. Thermotolerans, per confermare la sua capacità fermentativa, la produzione di etanolo, glicerolo, acido malico, acido lattico e l’analisi sensoriale.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Cecilia Schinca¹, Valentina Martín¹, Eduardo Boido¹, Francisco Carrau¹, Karina Medina¹

¹ Enology and Fermentation Biotechnology Area, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic, Uruguay

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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