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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Caracterización sensorial y preferencias de los consumidores en vinos de crianza biológica elaborados a diferente graduación alcohólica

Caracterización sensorial y preferencias de los consumidores en vinos de crianza biológica elaborados a diferente graduación alcohólica

Resumen

Las tendencias actuales del mercado apuntan hacia el consumo de vinos con menor contenido en alcohol, y, por otra parte, de vinos con características especiales y diferenciadoras, siendo los vinos con indicación geográfica o denominación de origen los más demandados. Los vinos de crianza biológica de la denominación de origen Jerez-Xérez-Sherry y Manzanilla de Sanlúcar, destacan por su tipicidad y unas características organolépticas que los hacen reconocibles en todo el mundo. Estos vinos, que deben tener una vejez mínima de dos años de crianza biológica y se elaboran y comercializan con una elevada graduación alcohólica (entre 15% y 15,5% de etanol), estipulada de manera tradicional y para garantizar su estabilidad microbiológica. Esta graduación alcohólica se obtiene normalmente mediante la adición de alcohol vínico o fortificación una vez concluida la etapa fermentativa. No obstante, estudios recientes señalan que podrían elaborarse con un contenido menor en alcohol, sin que su estabilidad o sus singulares características queden comprometidas, rebajando su contenido hasta el 13-14% de alcohol. Una de las cuestiones fundamentales de los vinos de denominación de origen es el aseguramiento de su calidad y el cumplimiento de sus características organolépticas establecidas en el pliego de condiciones. Por otra parte, es fundamental la aceptación del producto por parte de los consumidores para asegurar su viabilidad comercial.

En el presente estudio, se han evaluado desde el punto de vista sensorial vinos de crianza biológica, elaborados de manera tradicional, pero con diferentes graduaciones alcohólicas, comprendidas entre el 13 y el 15%. Por una parte, estos vinos se han caracterizado organolépticamente mediante su evaluación por un panel de cata entrenado y acreditado. Por otra parte, se ha realizado catas con consumidores para evaluar si el consumidor medio es capaz de detectar estas diferencias y determinar su grado de aceptación. Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que, si bien es posible observar ciertas diferencias, los de menor graduación serian bien aceptados en el caso que llegaran a comercializarse. Esto podría ser una ventaja desde el punto de vista de la salud de los consumidores y una reducción de costes para los elaboradores, ya que podrían reducir (o incluso eliminar) la cantidad de alcohol vínico añadido en el proceso de elaboración.

Caractérisation sensorielle et préférences des consommateurs pour les vins biologiques vieillis à différentes teneurs en alcool

Les tendances actuelles du marché vont dans le sens d’une consommation de vins à faible teneur en alcool et, d’autre part, de vins présentant des caractéristiques spéciales et différenciatrices, les plus demandés étant ceux qui bénéficient d’une indication géographique ou d’une appellation d’origine.  Les vins vieillis biologiquement des appellations d’origine jerez-xères-sherry et manzanilla de sanlúcar se distinguent également par leur typicité et leurs caractéristiques organoleptiques qui les rendent reconnaissables dans le monde entier. Ces vins, qui doivent être vieillis pendant un minimum de deux ans de vieillissement biologique, sont élaborés et commercialisés avec un taux d’alcool élevé (entre 15 et 15,5 % d’éthanol), stipulé de manière traditionnelle, et afin de garantir leur stabilité microbiologique. Cette teneur en alcool est obtenue par l’ajout d’alcool de vin ou de fortification après la phase de fermentation. Cependant, des études récentes indiquent qu’ils pourraient être élaborés avec une teneur en alcool plus faible, sans compromettre leur stabilité microbiologique ou leurs caractéristiques uniques, en abaissant leur teneur en alcool à 13-14 %.   L’une des questions fondamentales pour les vins d’appellation d’origine est l’assurance de leur qualité et le respect des caractéristiques organoleptiques établies dans leur cahier des charges. D’autre part, l’acceptation du produit par le consommateur est fondamentale pour assurer sa viabilité commerciale.

Dans la présente étude, des vins biologiques vieillis, produits de manière traditionnelle, mais avec différents degrés d’alcool, entre 13 et 15,5 %, ont été évalués d’un point de vue sensoriel. D’une part, ces vins ont été caractérisés d’un point de vue organoleptique grâce à leur évaluation par un jury de dégustation formé et accrédité. D’autre part, des dégustations ont été effectuées avec des consommateurs afin d’évaluer si le consommateur moyen est capable de détecter ces différences et de déterminer leur degré d’acceptation. Les résultats indiquent que, bien qu’il soit possible d’observer certaines différences, les vins à faible teneur en alcool seraient bien acceptés s’ils étaient commercialisés. Cela pourrait constituer un avantage du point de vue de la santé des consommateurs et une réduction des coûts pour les viticulteurs, puisqu’ils pourraient réduire (voire éliminer) la quantité d’alcool vinique ajoutée dans leur processus de vinification.

Sensory characterization and consumer preference in biologically aged wines at different alcohol content

Current market trends point towards the consumption of wines with lower alcohol content and, on the other hand, wines with special and differentiating characteristics, being wines with geographical indication or denomination of origin the most demanded. The biologically aged wines from the Jerez-Xérez-Sherry and Manzanilla de Sanlúcar designation of origin also stand out for their typicity and organoleptic characteristics that make them recognizable throughout the world. These wines, which must be aged for a minimum two years of biological aging, are produced and marketed with a high alcohol content (between 15% and 15.5% ethanol), in the traditional manner and to ensure their microbiological stability. This alcohol content is obtained through the addition of wine alcohol or fortification after the fermentation stage. However, recent studies indicate that they could be made with a lower alcohol content, without their microbiological stability or their unique characteristics being compromised, by lowering their alcohol content to 13-14%.One of the fundamental issues for wines with designation of origin is the assurance of their quality and compliance with their organoleptic characteristics established in the specifications. On the other hand, the acceptance of the product by consumers is essential to ensure its commercial viability.

In the present study, biologically aged wines, made in a traditional manner, but with different alcohol graduations, ranging from 13 and 15%, evaluated from a sensory point of view. On the one hand, these wines have been organoleptically characterized through evaluation by a trained and accredited tasting panel. On the other hand, tastings were carried out with consumers to evaluate whether the consumer are capable of detecting these differences and determine their degree of acceptance. The results obtained indicate that, although it is possible to observe certain differences, those with a lower alcohol content would be well accepted in the market. This could be an advantage from the point of view of consumers health and a reduction in costs for winemakers, since they could reduce (or even eliminate) the amount of wine alcohol added in the production process.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Cristina Lasanta¹, Lourdes Vega¹, Rafael Arnedo², Juan Jose Mesa³, Miguel Villa⁴

¹ Universidad de Cádiz – Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
² Bodegas Gonzalez Byass, Spain
³ Bodegas Williams-Humbert, Spain
⁴ Bodegas Argüeso, Spain

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Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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