Evaluation of the composition of pomace from grapes grown in the slopes of the Popocatépetl volcano (Puebla, Mexico). Feasibility of its application for obtaining functional foods

Abstract

Grape pomace is the main byproduct generated during wine production and is primarily composed of skins and seeds, which are obtained after the pressing stage [1]. This byproduct retains a significant amount of nutrients, such as fiber, phenolic compounds, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. After being dehydrated and micronized, grape pomace has been incorporated into various foods, such as bread [2], pasta [3], cookies [4], yogurts [5], candy [6], and dressings [7], to enrich them with fiber and phenolic compounds. To determine whether this byproduct is safe for functional food production, this study evaluated Syrah grape pomace from the 2023 and 2024 harvests in the Puebla region, Mexico, whose vineyards are located near the Popocatépetl volcano, active since 1994. Its chemical composition was analyzed using bromatological analysis, and the mineral and heavy metal content was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed no significant differences in protein, total fat, or ash content between the pomace samples from both harvests. However, the 2023 pomace had a significantly higher insoluble fiber content. Regarding the composition of skins and seeds in the pomace samples, significant differences were observed only in fat content. The predominant minerals in all samples were potassium, calcium, and magnesium, with higher concentrations in the skins. Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, were also detected in the pomace samples from both harvests, exceeding the maximum permissible limits for dietary supplements or powdered products [8]. Therefore, these findings highlight that grape pomace from the Puebla region, Mexico, has the potential to be used as a functional ingredient to enrich foods with fiber and essential minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium. However, its addition should be moderated due to the high concentration of heavy metals.

References

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