Synthesis of the contribution of the Giesco (group of international experts of vitivinicultural systems for cooperation) to the study of terroirs

Due to climate change, the occurrence of heatwaves and drought events is increasing, with significant impact on viticulture. Common ways to adapt viticulture to a changing climate include site selection, genotype selection, irrigation management and canopy management. The latter mentioned being for instance source-sink manipulations, such as leaf removal, with the aim to delay ripening.

Protecting table grape vineyards with white hail‐nets is a common practice in Southern Italy. Hail‐nets result in shading effects of 10‐20 %, depending on their density

In addition to studies on the edaphic and landscape characteristics of the environment (Dolédec, 1995), the characterization of the physiology of the vine and of parasitism during its vegetative cycle represents an essential component of knowledge and management of the terroirs.

Flavescence dorée (FD) stands out as a significant grapevine disease with severe implications for vineyards. The American grapevine leafhopper (Scaphoideus titanus) serves as the primary vector, transmitting the pathogen that causes yield losses and elevated costs linked to uprooting and replanting. Another potential vector of FD is the mosaic leafhopper, Orientus ishidae, commonly found in agroecosystems. The current monitoring approach involves periodic human identification of chromotropic traps, a labor-intensive and time-consuming process.

The first South African wine was made by Jan van Riebeeck on the second of February 1659. His initial determination to produce wine at the Cape refreshment station was continued by other governors