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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 La haie bocagère comme critère de zonage à l’échelle parcellaire

La haie bocagère comme critère de zonage à l’échelle parcellaire

Abstract

Dans les AOC Française, la zone de production de la matière première peut faire l’objet d’une délimitation parcellaire basée sur des critères de milieu physique et d’usage D’autre part de nombreux zonages environnementaux se développent et les AOC sont appelées à intégrer des dispositions relatives à ces préoccupations. Les haies, à travers leurs effets sur les modifications locales du climat régional et sur la biodiversité fonctionnelle, peuvent impacter le fonctionnement de la vigne et des vergers. C’est à ce titre que leur prise en compte comme critère de délimitation est envisagé.
L’examen des effets de la haie sur le climat parcellaire montre qu’au sein d’une parcelle bocagère, on assiste globalement à une réduction de la vitesse du vent et du pouvoir évaporant de l’air, à une augmentation de la température moyenne, de l’amplitude thermique journalière par élévation des températures diurnes et diminution températures nocturnes et à un risque accru des gelées printanières.
Le rôle de la haie sur la biodiversité fonctionnelle est décrit à travers une liste d’auxiliaires entomophages et pollinisateurs auxquels elle fournie des abris pour l’hivernage et la reproduction ainsi que des ressources vitales grâce aux proies et aux fleurs qu’elle abrite en dehors des périodes végétatives de la vigne ou du verger, comme par exemple le pollen et nectar offerts aux espèces dont seules les larves sont zoophages.
Un exemple d’intégration de la présence des haies dans la méthode de zonage des terroirs viticoles développé par l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) d’Angers est cité ainsi qu’une première application à la délimitation parcellaire d’une AOC cidricole de l’ouest de la France. Mais la perspective de l’élargissement du recours à présence de haies dans les opérations de zonage nécessitera de nombreux travaux préalables. Par exemple, les distances aux haies et leur hauteur devront être précisées en fonction des caractéristiques climatiques locales et par rapport aux distances parcourables par les auxiliaires recherchés. De manière générale, si la haie fait son entrée dans le zonage des terroirs, elle sera plutôt intégrée comme un principe de délimitation dont découleront des critères spécifiques en fonction des situations.

English version: In french AOC, basic products can be localized on a field basis according to natural and human criteria. Besides, many environmental zoning are developped. Thus AOC must nowadays take this concern into account. This paper deals with edges as a new zoning criterium. Edges have two main impacts on vine and orchard productions: that is local climate and functionnal biodiversity changes.
Climatic changes mainly rely on wind speed and evaporation decrease and an increase in temperature, temperature range and risk of spring frost. Edges impacts on functionnal biodiversity are largely described through a list of entomophages and pollinisators that benefit from winter and reprodcution shelter and food reserve. Preys and flowers may develop in edges even when the crop not in vegetative stage yet. Pollen and nectar feed adults insects whose larvae is zoophagus. This paper also relates two french experience of edges integration in the terroir definition: one for vine in the Loire Valley and one ifor cider in the west of France.
Further work will be needed to enlarge AOC zoning with this environmental criterium such as the distance between edge and crop, local climatic change characteristics, specific auxilliary insects and vegetative species etc.

DOI:

Publication date: October 6, 2020

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

Alain Jacquet

Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité (INAO) 6, rue Fresnel – 14000 Caen – France

Contact the author

Keywords

Edge – Local climate – Auxillaries – Zoning

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

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