Genetic diversity drives distinct macro and micronutrient profiles in grapevine: A case study of 50 genotypes

Abstract

The extensive genetic diversity of grapevines cultivated in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, represents a significant challenge for the uniform management of mineral nutrients. To characterize the nutritional demand of different genetic groups, we evaluated the nutritionalstatus of 50 grapevine genotypes from the IAC germplasm bank. The accessions were categorized into five genetic groups: Vitisvinifera, PIWI, Seibel hybrids, IAC hybrids, and Embrapa hybrids. The accessions in the collection were planted in 2008 and cultivatedunder uniform edaphoclimatic conditions. The training system was the espalier with short pruning. Nutritional characterization wasperformed by collecting leaves at full bloom for macro- and micronutrient analysis. The data were subjected to canonical discriminant analysis to identify the nutrients that differentiate the genetic groups. The first canonical discriminant function (CDF1) explained 51% of the total variation, primarily separating the groups based on phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentration. Vitis vinifera genotypesshowed lower foliar P concentrations than Seibel and Embrapa hybrids, but higher K concentrations than the PIWI, Seibel, and Embrapa hybrids. IAC hybrids exhibited intermediate P and K profiles. The second canonical function (CDF2) explained 29% of the variation, with sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and nitrogen (N) as the main discriminators. PIWI and Embrapa hybrids exhibited significantly lower leaf S concentrations than IAC hybrids, and PIWI hybrids also showed the lowest foliar P concentrations among all hybrid groups. These resultsdemonstrate that genetic background drives nutrient accumulation, indicating that fertilization recommendations for these varieties should be tailored to their genetic group rather than applied uniformly.

Acknowledgements

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Processo 2020/12938-7.

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