Terroir 2020 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 From grapes to sparking wines: Aromas evaluation in a vine-spacing

From grapes to sparking wines: Aromas evaluation in a vine-spacing

Abstract

Aim: Wine aromatic profile is a combination of viticulture and oenological practices and it is related to character, quality, and consumer acceptance. Based on the competition between soil capacity and canopy development, and on the potential to produce sparkling wines at Caldas, in the south region of Minas Gerais (Brazil) (21°55´S and 46°23´W, altitude 1.100m), the aim of this work was the evaluation of the development of aromas (secondary metabolites) from grapes to sparkling wines in a vine-spacing experiment and whether the distance between the vines can influence the aromatic profile of the sparkling wines (final product). 

Methods and Results: The study was conducted with grapes from a 7-year-old vine-spacing experimental vineyard located at Caldas city and their respective must, base wine, and sparkling wine from vintage 2016 of the cultivar Chardonnay (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted onto 1103 Paulsen rootstock, in a clayey soil, and trained on a vertical shoot positioned trellis. Grapes were harvested in the maturity stage for sparkling wines, which were obtained by the traditional method. The volatile compounds in the specimens described were analysed by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Considering the five vine-spacing systems studied (0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1 m, 1.5 m, and 2 m), around 60-80 volatile compounds (secondary metabolites) were identified in the free form for all the specimens studied and PCA analysis showed discrimination among them. Thus, some compounds were slightly higher in must and wines than in berries (e.g., terpenoids, carotenoids). While in the grapes and must the high number of compounds was related to aldehydes and alcohols, in the base and sparkling wines it was related to esters, benzenoids and fatty acids compounds. These compounds resemble pleasant, powerful, floral, fruity odours of apricot and pineapple-banana note, and have an influence on foam.

Conclusions: 

All the processes (grapes metabolism, first fermentation and sur-lie) influenced the development of the aromas. Although the aromatic profile of the five vine-spacing systems sparkling wines was slightly different, a sensorial analysis would be an additional tool to this work to assess if these variations would be noticed by final consumers. 

Significance and Impact of the Study: This study impacts on the knowledge of the products obtained in this terroir, in which conditions one can have a product that pleases the final consumer more and also has a good production. In other words, the consideration for the balance among grape-growing and winemaking practices, productivity/economy, and quality of the final product.

Download the PDF

DOI:

Publication date: March 17, 2021

Issue: Terroir 2020

Type: Video

Authors

Naíssa Prévide Bernardo1,2*, Aline de Oliveira1,2, Renata Vieira da Mota3, Francisco Mickael Medeiros Câmara3, Isabela Peregrino3, Murillo de Albuquerque Regina3, Eduardo Purgatto1,2

1Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
2Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 
3Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Grape and Wine Technological Center, Caldas – Minas Gerais, Brazil

Contact the author

Keywords

Vitis vinifera, food analysis, aromatic profile, PCA analysis, HS-SPME, GC-MS, Chardonnay grapes, vine-spacing systems

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2020

Citation

Related articles…

Rootstock mediated responses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) metabolism and physiology to combined water deficit and salinity stress in Syrah grafts

Water deficit and salinity are increasingly affecting the viticulture and wine industry. These two stresses are intimately related; understanding the physiological and metabolic responses of grapevines to water deficit, salinity and combined stress is critical for developing strategies to mitigate the nega- tive impacts of these stresses on wine grape production. These strategies can include selecting more tolerant grapevine cultivars and graft combinations, improving irrigation management, and using soil amendments to reduce the effects of salinity. For this purpose, understanding the response of grape- vine metabolism to altered water balance and salinity is of pivotal importance.

Read More

The impact of decadal cold waves over Europe on future viticultural practices

A crucial issue associated with the long-term impact of climate change in viticulture concerns the capacity of resilience of the typical varieties currently cultivated in traditional areas. Indeed, regions that are currently characterized by optimal climatic conditions can cease to be so in the future. At the same time, new premium wine production regions may arise north of 50oN. Both these threats and opportunities are based on the assessment of a very likely gradual temperature increase along the 21st century, resulting from the ensemble mean of the state-of-the-art climate projections. Such an assessment is orienting decision-makers and stakeholders to rethink the grapevine cultivation zoning, prefiguring, for each variety, a shift at higher latitudes and/or at higher altitudes areas.

Read More

Simulating the impact of climate change on viticultural systems in various European vineyards

Aim: Global climate change affects regional climates and hold implications for wine growing regions worldwide (Jones, 2007, 2015; van Leeuwen and Darriet, 2016). The prospect of 21st century climate change consequently is one of the major challenges facing the wine industry (Keller, 2010).

Read More

The South African vineyard landscapes: impact on long term cultural practices

This paper follows the one presented by Saayman at the International Symposium on Landscapes of Vines and Wines in the Loire Valley during July 2003. Where Saayman’s paper described the heritage and development of South African vineyard landscapes, this one focuses on how the landscape is used to assist in decision-making concerning the most important long term practices.

Read More

Terroir effects on wine aromatic metabolomics in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain, Ningxia, China

Aim: The eastern foot of Helan Mountain, Ningxia, China is one of the most important wine production regions in China and grape cultivation has spread in several sub-regions with different soils and cultivars. Large diversity in wine aromas have been observed at Ningxia region but which terroir factors drive those diversity in aromas remain to uncover. This study aims to investigate the impacts of grape varieties and soil chemical properties on wine aromas at Ningxia, in order to characterize the aromatic typicality of Ningxia wines and provide foundation for developing a ‘Protected Designation of Origin’ system. 

Read More