Enoforum 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Enoforum Web 9 Enoforum Web Conference 2021 9 Authenticating the geographical origin of wine using fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning

Authenticating the geographical origin of wine using fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning

Abstract

Wine is a luxury product and a global beverage steeped in history and mystery. Over time, various regions have become renowned for the quality of wines they produce, which adds considerable value to the regions and the brands. On the whole, the international wine market is worth many hundreds of billions of dollars, which attracts unscrupulous operators intent on defrauding wine consumers. Countering such fraudulent activities requires the means to test and classify wine, but the task is considerable due to the complexity of wine. However, just as wine origin influences chemical and sensory profiles, indicators of wine provenance are naturally embedded in the chemical composition of wine. A range of methods of varying intricacy are available to analyse wine for authentication of variety or geographical origin. Instruments and techniques within the domain of research laboratories are not so practical or deployable in winery or supply chain settings, however. This is where spectroscopic methods are attractive, as they can be rapid, cost-effective and simple. In the search for such a method, we identified fluorescence spectroscopy, and more specifically, the collection of an excitation-emission matrix (EEM) that acts like a molecular fingerprint. Multivariate statistical modelling is then used in conjunction with the EEM data to develop classification models for wines from various regions. We have developed such a technique, using a relatively new type of machine learning algorithm known as extreme gradient boosting discriminant analysis. This unique approach, which can routinely achieve a level of accuracy of 100% in comparison to ICP-MS at an average of 85%, is being applied to a range of studies on Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from different regions of Australia.

DOI:

Publication date: April 23, 2021

Issue: Enoforum 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Ranaweera K.R. Ranaweera1, Adam M. Gilmore2, Dimitra L. Capone1,3, Susan E.P. Bastian1,3, David W. Jeffery1,3*

1Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
2HORIBA Instruments Inc., 20 Knightsbridge Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
3Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia

Contact the author

Tags

Enoforum 2021 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Cover crops influence on soil N availability and grapevine N status, and its relationship with biogenic

The type of soil management, tillage versus cover crops, can modify the soil microbial activity, which causes the mineralization of organic N to NO3–N and, therefore, may change the soil NO3–N availability in vineyard. The soil NO3–N availability could influence the grapevine nutritional status and the grape amino acid composition. Amino acids are precursors of biogenic amines, compounds mainly formed during the malolactic fermentation. Biogenic amines have negative effects on consumer health and on the wine organoleptic quality. The objective was to study if the effect of conventional tillage and two different cover crops (leguminous versus gramineous) on grapevine N status, could relate to the wine biogenic amines composition.
Read More

Service crop effects on grapevine water and nitrogen status and yield under Mediterranean climate

Service crops in vineyard can provide multiple ecosystem services but they can also lead to competition with the grapevine for soil resources in the Mediterranean region due to potential severe droughts (Garcia et al., 2018). One of the levers of action to manage this competition is the choice of species adapted in terms of growth dynamics and water and nutrients’ needs. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of temporary service crops on grapevine water and nitrogen status and grapevine yield and yield components in a Mediterranean vineyard.

Read More

Geological, mineralogical and geochemical influences on the cultivation of vines

Aims: The aims of this study are to determine the influences of the local geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of surroundings, substrate and soil on the cultivation of vines, these as an additional factor of specificity and locality in the production of wine and definition of terroir, as well as for the discrimination of local variance of substrate and soil properties for the strategic management of cultivation plots and/or the evaluation of new cultivation regions, necessary within a scope of global climate change.

Read More

Monitoring small-scale alcoholic fermentations using a portable FTIR-ATR spectrometer and multivariate analysis

Although some wine production processes still rely on post-production evaluation and off-site laboratory analysis, the new winemaking industry is aware of a need for a better knowledge of the process to improve the properties of the final product. Thus, more and more wineries are interested in incorporating quality-by-design (QbD) strategies instead of postproduction testing because of the possibility to early detect deviations in fermentation or any other wine process. This would allow to detect unwanted situations and eventually to ‘readjust’ the process, thus minimizing rejects.

Read More

Methodology and zoning of A.O.C. natural soils. Example of “Pic Saint-Loup”

Les travaux menés, dans le cadre du programme départemental pour la connaissance et la valorisation des terroirs viticoles, sur l’aire A.O.C. Coteaux du Languedoc / Pic Saint-Loup ont permis d’appliquer à l’échelle d’une Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (13 communes), une méthodologie d’étude axée sur les aspects sol/climat/topographie qui concourent à l’identification des terroirs naturels, facteurs de typicité des vins.

Read More