Enoforum 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Enoforum Web 9 Enoforum Web Conference 2021 9 The taste of color: how grape anthocyanin fractions affect in-mouth perceptions

The taste of color: how grape anthocyanin fractions affect in-mouth perceptions

Abstract

Anthocyanins are responsible for the red wine color and their ability to condense with tannins is considered as a contributor in astringency reduction. However, recent studies showed the possibility of anthocyanins to influence directly the in-mouth perception of wines.

In this study, grape anthocyanin extracts (TA) were fractionated using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) and preparative HPLC in three fractions: glucoside (GF), acetylated (AF) and cinnamoylated (CF) anthocyanins. Sensory properties of these fractions were investigated by chemical analysis as reactivity towards salivary proteins and by tasting sessions as best estimated thresholds (BET) in wine-like solutions.

Anthocyanins reacted with salivary proteins in different extent depending on their acylation, with CF being the most reactive fraction. The BETs obtained were 297, 68, and 58 mg/L for GF, AF, and CF, respectively, while the unfractionated extract (TA) resulted in a BET of 255 mg/L.

In the next step, different sensory approaches (triangle test, check-all-that apply, descriptive analysis) were attempted to compare TA and fractions to polyphenols extracted from grape skins and seeds. The investigated sensations were bitterness, overall astringency and its sub-qualities, which were divided in sensation during (particulates) and after (surface smoothness) expectoration. TA and GF were described at wine range concentration as “velvety” and “chalky”. The addition of GF to skin and seed extract modified in-mouth perceptions differently: enriched seed extract was perceived more astringent, whereas enriched skin extract showed lower surface smoothness. Therefore, the presence of anthocyanins may be able to modify in-mouth sensations, influencing astringency and its sub-qualities.

DOI:

Publication date: April 23, 2021

Issue: Enoforum 2021

Type: Article

Authors

M.A. Paissoni1,2,3, , P. Waffo-Teguo2,3, W. Ma2,3,4, M. Jourdes2,3, S. Giacosa1, S. Río Segade1, L. Rolle1, P-L. Teissedre2,3

1 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari. Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
2 ISVV, EA 4577 Oenologie, F-33140, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
3 INRAE, ISVV, USC 1366 Oenologie, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
4 Wine School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, P.R. China

Contact the author

Tags

Enoforum 2021 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Vitis v. corvina grapes composition and wine sensory profile as affected by different post harvest withering conditions

Context and purpose of the study – In Valpolicella area (Verona – Italy) Vitis vinifera cv. Corvina is the main wine variety to obtain, after grape withering, Amarone wine: this study was carried out in order to compare two different grape dehydration conditions with the aim of verifying the final composition of Corvina dried grapes and the organoleptic profile of corresponding Amarone wine.
Read More

NIR spectroscopy as a contacless rapid tool to estimate the amino acids profile in intact grape berries

Nitrogen composition of grape berries plays a key role in determining wine quality, affecting the development of alcoholic fermentation and the formation of volatile compounds. Grape nitrogen composition is influenced by several factors such as viticultural practices, soil management, timing or rate of fertilization and use of rootstock, among others.In this study a proximal, non-destructive tool based on NIR spectroscopy is presented to track the accumulation of a wide range of amino acids in intact grape berries during the ripening process.

Read More

Conservation: the best valorisation strategy for wine growing areas

Terroir encompasses many elements, including environment, grapes and human inputs that together contribute to the final wine quality of a certain wine growing area.

Read More

Determination of metallic elements in Chilean wines by atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry

The chemical composition of wines depends on series of variables such as the type of grape, edaphoclimatic conditions, and viticulture and winemaking practices employed during production. Metallic elements play a significant role during winemaking (e.g. as catalysts of oxidation reactions) and have been previously employed for the classification of wines according to provenance. In this work, we focused on the analysis of metallic elements (K, Na, Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Cr, Al, Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, Co, Sn and As) in 145 Chilean wine samples (102 reds and 43 white wines), of seven grape varieties, and five of the major wine producing regions in Chile.

Read More

Techniques to study graft union formation in grapevine

Grapevines are grown grafted in most viticultural regions. Grapevine rootstocks are either hybrids or pure species of different American Vitis spp. (particularly V. berlandieri, V. rupestris and V. riparia), which were primarily used to provide root resistance to the insect pest Phylloxera. In addition to Phylloxera resistance, grapevine rootstocks were also selected in relation their resistance to various abiotic stress conditions. Future rootstocks should have the potential to adapt viticulture to climate change without changing the characteristics of the harvested product. However, high grafting success rates are an essential prerequisite to be able to use them with all the varieties. The objective of this work is to develop quantitative techniques to characterize graft union formation in grapevine.

Read More