 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Genetic traceability of ‘Nebbiolo’ musts and wines by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays

Genetic traceability of ‘Nebbiolo’ musts and wines by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays

Abstract

AIM: ‘Nebbiolo’ (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most ancient and prestigious Italian grape cultivars. It is renowned for its use in producing monovarietal high-quality red wines, such Barolo and Barbaresco. Wine quality and value can be heavily modified if cultivars other than those allowed are employed. The fight against fraud to safeguard high-quality productions requires an effective varietal identification system applicable in musts and wines.

METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are considered the newest type of molecular marker for grapevine identification. We developed and investigated the efficiency of SNP TaqMan® assays in the varietal authentication of ‘Nebbiolo’ musts and wines. ‘Nebbiolo’-specific SNPs were identified starting from available databases and 260 genotypes analysed by Vitis18kSNP array.

RESULTS: Only two markers (SNP_15082 and SNP_14783) were sufficient to distinguish ‘Nebbiolo’ from more than 1,100 genotypes. In experimental vinifications, these SNP TaqMan® assays correctly identified ‘Nebbiolo’ in all wine-making steps, including wines 1 year after bottling. The high sensitivity of the assays allowed identifying, for the first time, mixtures of 1% in musts at the end of maceration, blends of 10% in musts at the end of malolactic fermentation and wines contamination of 10–20% with non-‘Nebbiolo’ genotypes. In commercial wines, the amplification efficiency of these SNPs was partially limited by the low amount of grapevine DNA and the presence of PCR inhibitors in DNA extracts. However, at least one SNP amplified correctly in all the commercial wines tested.

CONCLUSIONS:

The TaqMan® genotyping assay is a rapid, highly sensitive and specific methodology with remarkable potential for varietal identification in wines.

DOI:

Publication date: September 7, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Giorgio Gambino, Paolo BOCCACCI, Walter CHITARRA, Anna SCHNEIDER

Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR). Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR). Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticultural and Enology Research Centre (CREA-VE). Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR). Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy. Luca ROLLE, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino. Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.

Contact the author

Keywords

grapevine, musts, wines, genetic traceability, snp, blends

Citation

Temperature effects on the biosynthesis of aroma compounds in glera grapes

This paper describes the first year results of a study that investigated the effects of altitude and related temperature parameters on the biosynthesis of aromas in the Italian cultivar Glera.

Sustainable management of grapevine trunk diseases

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) occur wherever grapes are grown and are considered the main biotic factor reducing yields and shortening vineyards’ lifespan. Currently, no product is available to eradicate GTD once grapevines are infected. Therefore, prophylactic strategies based on pruning wound protection and ‘remedial surgery’, the only eradication method based on the elimination of infected wood and renewal of the vine by means of new canes or suckers, are the only effective strategies available. The Canadian grape and wine industry focusses on a sustainable production and thus, looking for alternatives to chemicals for disease management is a top priority.

Effect of elicitors and ripening moment on the phenolic composition of Monastrell

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a globally cultivated crop and economically significant, particularly in the wine industry (Varela et al., 2024). Climate change is already affecting vineyards and is expected to worsen (Averbeck et al., 2019; Dupuis and Knoepfel, 2011).

Enhancing grape traceability from grower to consumer through GS1 Standards: A case study of the Australian table grape industry

The traceability of agricultural products, including grapes, is essential for ensuring food safety, quality control, and supply chain transparency. This paper investigates the implementation of GS1 standards in enhancing the traceability of grapes from grower to consumer.

Physical-mechanical berry skin traits as powerful indicators of resistance to botrytis bunch rot

The ongoing climate change results in increasing mean air temperature, which is manifested by weather extremes or sudden changes between drought and local heavy rainfalls. These changing conditions are especially challenging for the established grapevine varieties growing under cool climate conditions due to an increased biotic infection pressure. Thus, the scope of most grapevine breeding programs is the selection of mildew fungus-resistant and climatic adapted grapevines with balanced, healthy yield and outstanding wine quality. Since no resistances or candidate genes have yet been described for Botrytis bunch rot (BBR), physical-mechanical traits like berry size and thick, impermeable berry cuticles phenotyped with high-throughput sensors represent novel effective parameters to predict BBR.