 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Genetic traceability of ‘Nebbiolo’ musts and wines by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays

Genetic traceability of ‘Nebbiolo’ musts and wines by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays

Abstract

AIM: ‘Nebbiolo’ (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most ancient and prestigious Italian grape cultivars. It is renowned for its use in producing monovarietal high-quality red wines, such Barolo and Barbaresco. Wine quality and value can be heavily modified if cultivars other than those allowed are employed. The fight against fraud to safeguard high-quality productions requires an effective varietal identification system applicable in musts and wines.

METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are considered the newest type of molecular marker for grapevine identification. We developed and investigated the efficiency of SNP TaqMan® assays in the varietal authentication of ‘Nebbiolo’ musts and wines. ‘Nebbiolo’-specific SNPs were identified starting from available databases and 260 genotypes analysed by Vitis18kSNP array.

RESULTS: Only two markers (SNP_15082 and SNP_14783) were sufficient to distinguish ‘Nebbiolo’ from more than 1,100 genotypes. In experimental vinifications, these SNP TaqMan® assays correctly identified ‘Nebbiolo’ in all wine-making steps, including wines 1 year after bottling. The high sensitivity of the assays allowed identifying, for the first time, mixtures of 1% in musts at the end of maceration, blends of 10% in musts at the end of malolactic fermentation and wines contamination of 10–20% with non-‘Nebbiolo’ genotypes. In commercial wines, the amplification efficiency of these SNPs was partially limited by the low amount of grapevine DNA and the presence of PCR inhibitors in DNA extracts. However, at least one SNP amplified correctly in all the commercial wines tested.

CONCLUSIONS:

The TaqMan® genotyping assay is a rapid, highly sensitive and specific methodology with remarkable potential for varietal identification in wines.

DOI:

Publication date: September 7, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Giorgio Gambino, Paolo BOCCACCI, Walter CHITARRA, Anna SCHNEIDER

Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR). Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR). Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticultural and Enology Research Centre (CREA-VE). Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR). Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy. Luca ROLLE, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino. Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.

Contact the author

Keywords

grapevine, musts, wines, genetic traceability, snp, blends

Citation

Exploring the behavior of alternatives to montmorillonite clays in white wine protein stabilization

Visual clarity in wines is crucial for commercial purposes [1]. Potential protein haze in white wines remains a constant concern in wineries, commonly addressed using bentonite [2].

Crop load management of newly planted Pinot gris grown in warm climate of California

San Joaquin Valley accounts for 68% of Pinot gris acreage and produces 83% of Pinot gris wine in California. Strong demand for Pinot gris has prompted growers to restrict the nonbearing period

Association between dietary pattern and wine consumption and Alzheimer’s disease in a cohort from La Rioja (Spain)

Addressing modifiable risk factors is the most promising strategy to prevent/delay Alzheimer Disease (AD)[1]. The aim of the study was to establish the connections between dietetic habits, wine consumption and AD. Thus, 98 volunteers were recruited: 50 diagnosed as AD and 48 healthy/controls. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary patterns assessment and, based on these data, the Mind Diet Score was calculated. (Poly)phenol metabolites (especially derived from wine consumption) were analyzed by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in 24-h urine samples to confirm dietary (poly)phenol consumption.

Phenology and bioclimate of grapevine varieties in the tropical region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil

La région de la Vallée du São Francisco, situe à 9º S, est en train d’augmenter la production des vins fins les dernières années. La région présente climat du type tropical semi-aride (climat viticole à variabilité intra-annuelle selon le Système CCM Géoviticole : “très chaud, à nuits chaudes et à sécheresse forte à sub-humide” en fonction

Varietal differences between Shiraz and Cabernet sauvignon wines revealed by yeast metabolism

This study investigated if compositional differences between Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon grape varieties could influence the production of yeast-derived compounds. This work was based on the analysis of 40 experimental red wines made in triplicate fermentations from grapes harvested from two consecutive vintages in New South Wales (Australia). Grapes were picked at three maturity stages using berry sugar accumulation as physiological indicator, from nine commercial vineyards located in three different climatic regions (temperate, temperate-warm and warm-hot). A range of 30 yeast-derived wine volatiles including esters and alcohols were quantified by HS/SPME-GC/MS. Ammonia, amino-acids and lipids were analysed in the corresponding grapes. The juice total soluble solids (°Brix) in addition to the wine alcohol and residual sugar levels were also measured. The influence of grape maturity on wine ester composition was also variety dependent, particularly for higher alcohol acetate and ethyl ester of branched acids. This study highlights that varietal differences observed in Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon wines involve fermentation-derived compounds irrespective of the site (soil, climate, viticultural practices).