 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 One-year aging of a Sangiovese red wine in tanks of different materials: effect on chemical and sensory characteristics

One-year aging of a Sangiovese red wine in tanks of different materials: effect on chemical and sensory characteristics

Abstract

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the different tank materials could affect the chemical and sensory characteristics of a Sangiovese red wine during one-year aging. In particular, the impact of earthenware raw amphora, uncoated concrete, epoxy-coated concrete, new oak barrel, used oak barrel, and stainless steel tank on wine color stability was investigated. At six months aging, a part of the wines in each tank was bottled to compare the effect of bottle aging with the tank aging.

METHODS: A Sangiovese red wine from 2018 harvest was aged for twelve months in different tank materials in industrial scale (5 hL) and in triplicate. Phenolic composition, color indices and acetaldehyde content were monitored monthly during twelve months aging. At six, twelve and six months of bottle aging, the wines were also characterized for volatiles, phenolics, elementals profile, tartaric stability and for quantitative descriptive analysis.

RESULTS: After six months aging, phenols, color indices, elemental and volatile compounds differentiated the wines according to the tank materials. Wine aged in new and used oak barrels showed the highest content of polymeric pigments and color indices, together with the wine aged in earthenware raw amphorae, that showed also the highest hue. After twelve months, the wines aged in new and used oak barrels were still the highest in polymeric pigments followed by the earthenware raw amphorae and uncoated concrete tanks. Moreover, the same wine aged six months in uncoated concrete tank and then six months in glass bottle showed the highest content of polymeric pigments

(1). Concerning the elementals composition

(2). the uncoated concrete wine was very high in sodium while the earthenware raw amphora enriched the wine in calcium, iron and aluminum both after six and twelve months. The volatile profiles differentiate the wine according to the tank materials: acetaldehyde content, that has an important role in color stabilization, was the highest in wine aged in used oak barrel at six months, while at twelve months in wines aged in earthenware raw amphora and uncoated concrete, and in bottle for earthenware raw amphora and used oak barrel. Sensory analysis evidenced that the six months aged wines were separated in two groups:

i) the wine in new and used barrels;

ii) the wines aged in stainless steel, epoxy-coated and uncoated concrete, and earthenware raw amphora. After twelve months, the wines aged for six months in tanks and six months in bottles were separate according to the tank materials, while the twelve months tanks aged wines seemed to maintain the same characteristics that they showed at six months aging, and were more similar between them (3).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study give new information about the oenological use of different tank materials for the red wine aging with particular interest on wine color stability.

DOI:

Publication date: September 13, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Valentina Canuti

Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies – University of Florence, via Donizetti, 6 – 50144 Firenze (Italy),Francesco MAIOLI, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies – University of Florence, via Donizetti, 6 – 50144 Firenze (Italy) Monica PICCHI, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies – University of Florence, via Donizetti, 6 – 50144 Firenze (Italy) Lorenzo GUERRINI, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies – University of Florence, via Donizetti, 6 – 50144 Firenze (Italy) Alessandro PARENTI, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies – University of Florence, via Donizetti, 6 – 50144 Firenze (Italy) Bruno ZANONI, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies – University of Florence, via Donizetti, 6 – 50144 Firenze (Italy)

Contact the author

Keywords

sangiovese, concrete tank, earthenware raw amphorae, volatile profile, phenolic compounds, quantitative descriptive analysis

Citation

Rapid damage assessment and grapevine recovery after fire

There is increasing scientific consensus that climate changeis the underlying cause of the prolonged dry and hot conditions that have increased the risk of extreme fire weather in many countries around the world. In December 2019, a bushfire event occurred in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia where 25,000 hectares were burnt and in vineyards and surrounding areas various degrees of scorching and infrastructure damage occurred. The ability to coordinate and plan recovery after a fire event relies on robust and timely data. The current practice for measuring the scale and distribution of fire damage is to walk or drive the vineyard and score individual vines based on visual observation. The process is time consuming, subjective, or semi-quantitative at best. After the December 2019 fires, it took many months to access properties and estimate the area of vineyard damaged. This study compares the rapid assessment and mapping of fire damage using high-resolution satellite imagery with more traditional ground based measures. Satellite imagery tracking vineyard recovery in the season following the bushfire is being correlated to field assessments of vineyard productivity such as canopy health and development, fertility and carbohydrate storage. Canopy health in the seasons following the fires correlated to the severity of the initial fire damage. Severely damaged vines had reduced canopy growth, were infertile or had very low fertility as well as lower carbohydrate levels in buds and canes during dormancy, which reduced productivity in the seasons following the bushfire event. In contrast, vines that received minor damage were able to recover within 1-2 years. Tools that rapidly and affordably capture the extent and severity of damage over large vineyard area will allow producers, government and industry bodies to manage decisions in relation to fire recovery planning, coordination and delivery, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of their response.

A predictive model of spatial Eca variability in the vineyard to support the monitoring of plant status

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...

Diagnosis of soil quality and evaluation of the impact of viticultural practices on soil biodiversity in a vineyard in southwestern France

Viticulture is facing two major changes – climate change and agroecological transition. In both cases, soil quality is seen as a lever to move towards a more sustainable viticulture. However, soil biological quality is little considered in the implementation of viticultural practices. Gascogn’Innov (2017-2022) is an Operational Group funded by the European Innovation Partnership for Agriculture. As such, it brings together winegrowers from the south-west of France, scientists, advisors and technicians, around a project focused on viticultural soil biological functioning and the design of technical routes more respectful toward soil heritage. To achieve this, the project aims to acquire references on the impact of viticultural practices on soil biology from a dynamic way, and to test a methodology to integrate information provided by the soil bioindicators to manage farming systems. A set of indicators of soil biological quality are evaluated in the project: microorganisms (bacteria and fungi abundance and diversity), fauna (abundance and diversity of nematodes and earthworms), physico-chemical characteristics, soil structure assessment and degradation rate of organic matter. Based on a network of 13 plots that have been subject to an initial diagnosis in 2017, several agronomical practices to restore soil fertility are experimented to redesign the cropping system (for instance plant cover, organic matter inputs, reduction of herbicides, mineral fertilizers). System redesign was made in collaboration by winegrowers and an interdisciplinary group of experts (agronomists, biologists). Several indicators are measured on vine and soil at each vintage to assess vine health and productivity. At the end of the project (2021), a final diagnosis was carried out. Gascogn’Innov allowed to create a regional database on the quality of wine-growing soils, which permitted to evaluate the effect of practices according to soil types. Especially, decreasing the intensity of tillage and increasing the duration and diversity of grass coverage tends to increase the abundance of all the organisms studied. This project confirmed the value of soil biological quality indicators to drive the sustainability of practices, but also highlighted the key-role of expertise, in both agronomy and soil biology, to help winegrowers understand and appropriate their soil quality diagnoses.

Short-term relationships between climate and grapevine trunk diseases in southern French vineyards

Comparison of imputation methods in long and varied phenological series. Application to the Conegliano dataset, including observations from 1964 over 400 grape varieties

A large varietal collection including over 1700 varieties was maintained in Conegliano, ITA, since the 1950s. Phenological data on a subset of 400 grape varieties including wine grapes, table grapes, and raisins were acquired at bud break, flowering, veraison, and ripening since 1964. Despite the efforts in maintaining and acquiring data over such an extensive collection, the data set has varying degrees of missing cases depending on the variety and the year. This is ubiquitous in phenology datasets with significant size and length. In this work, we evaluated four state-of-the-art methods to estimate missing values in this phenological series: k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (mice), MissForest, and Bidirectional Recurrent Imputation for Time Series (BRITS). For each phenological stage, we evaluated the performance of the methods in two ways. 1) On the full dataset, we randomly hold-out 10% of the true values for use as a test set and repeated the process 1000 times (Monte Carlo cross-validation). 2) On a reduced and almost complete subset of varieties, we varied the percentage of missing values from 10% to 70% by random deletion. In all cases, we evaluated the performance on the original values using normalized root mean squared error. For the full dataset we also obtained performance statistics by variety and by year. MissForest provided average errors of 17% (3 days) at budbreak, 14% (4 days) at flowering, 14.5% (7 days) at veraison, and 17% (3 days) at maturity. We completed the imputations of the Conegliano dataset, one of the world’s most extensive and varied phenological time series and a steppingstone for future climate change studies in grapes. The dataset is now ready for further analysis, and a rigorous evaluation of imputation errors is included.