Macrowine 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Use of pectinolytic yeast in wine fermentations

Use of pectinolytic yeast in wine fermentations

Abstract

The use of pectinolytic enzymes in winemaking is state of the art. These enzymes catalyse the degradation of pectic substances through depolymerization (hydrolases and lyases) and de-esterification. As a result, it supports the extraction of juice and facilitates filtration. It has also been shown in winemaking that the presence of pectinolytic enzymes improves the stability, taste, texture, colour and aroma of products. With regard to enzymes currently applied in winemaking, enzymes derived from filamentous fungi dominate the enzyme industry. Fungal-based pectinolytic enzymes specifically require purification from the culture medium to eliminate unwanted side reactions, which is poorly sustainable. Some non-traditional yeast strains have been reported to exhibit pectinolytic activities. Therefore, the direct use of pectinolytic yeast during wine fermentation process can be an attractive and alternative source for the use of enzymes as input. However, little is known about the effect of non-traditional yeasts with pectinolytic activities on wine fermentation and product quality. In fact, the use of such yeasts can have a very positive effect on the taste complexity and sensory richness of the product. In this study, from 17 different species more than 500 yeast strains were screened for their polygalacturonase activities (PGA). Enzymatic screening was performed in solid rich medium containing 2% polygalacturonic acid, and the activity of PGA+ strains was separately quantified with a microplate colorimetric test developed in this study. The superior pectinolytic yeasts were dominated by Kluyveromyces and Cryptococcus sp.. High pectinase producing Kluyveromyces sp (intrinsic yeast of grape must) was selected for further winemaking experiments. In particular, we investigated the consequences of the use of K. marxianus strains in sequential fermentation with S. cerevisae on fermentation kinetics, aroma profiles and more widely sensory properties of wines. Overall, the use of pectinolytic yeast in wine fermentations has the potential to benefit winemakers. In particular, hydrolysis of grape cell walls by K. marxianus endopolygalacturonase results in the release of compounds found in the skin of the grape that improve the quality of the wine.

DOI:

Publication date: September 24, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Mehmet Gazaloglu, Prof Dr. Carole Camasara , Prof Dr. Sylvie Dequin, Prof. Dr. Elke Nevoigt

Sciences for Oenology, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen

Contact the author

Keywords

nonconventional yeast pectinases

Citation

Related articles…

Association between dietary pattern and wine consumption and Alzheimer’s disease in a cohort from La Rioja (Spain)

Addressing modifiable risk factors is the most promising strategy to prevent/delay Alzheimer Disease (AD)[1]. The aim of the study was to establish the connections between dietetic habits, wine consumption and AD. Thus, 98 volunteers were recruited: 50 diagnosed as AD and 48 healthy/controls. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary patterns assessment and, based on these data, the Mind Diet Score was calculated. (Poly)phenol metabolites (especially derived from wine consumption) were analyzed by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in 24-h urine samples to confirm dietary (poly)phenol consumption.

Seed phenolics oxidation: development of a new ripening index 

During ripening seed tannins evolve, as demonstrated by the taste and color changes. In this work we tried to develop an objective, easy and fast index, useful for winemakers. In this direction we propose two different spectrophotometric indexes, one related to the molecular structure and tannin subunits linkages, and the other related to the antioxidant properties. Especially the second one gave very interesting and unexpected results.

How are canned wine drinkers perceived? An investigation involving Swiss nationals and different scenarios of outdoor leisure activities

This study examines how people who consume wine in cans are perceived in terms of their basic personality characteristics, helps understand the role of cultural background on people’s perception, and verify the role played by the consumption context on the perception. Our hypothesis is that prejudice and negative attitudes towards wine in cans might exert a negative effect on the evaluation of people who consume canned wine. To evaluate this hypothesis, the consumption of wine in cans was evoked in four different contexts of use during outdoor leisure activity (beach resort, ski resort, desert safari, and party). In order to examine the effect of culture on subject’s response we use participants from Switzerland, a country where three different cultures, associated with three different languages, cohabit.

Pesticide removal in wine with a physical treatment by molecular sieving

All along the winemaking process, conditioning and aging, wine is susceptible to be contaminated by different molecules. Contaminations can have various origins, related to wine microorganisms or as a result of an exogenous contamination. The aforementioned contamination of the wine can be caused by the migration of molecules from the materials in contact with the wine or by a contamination from exogenous molecules present in the air. Regardless of the source of the contamination, mainly two types of consequences can be observed.

Enhancing the color traits of ‘Nebbiolo’ and ‘Dolcetto’ grapes: the role of abscisic acid during ripening

The red Italian variety Nebbiolo (Vitis vinifera L.), used in the production of the prestigious Barolo and Barbaresco wines, is renowned for its aromatic and structural complexity but also for its low color intensity.