Terroir 2010 banner

Influenza dell’esposizione del vigneto sulla maturazione dell’uva

Abstract

[English version below]

Lo studio è stato condotto in vigneti commerciali di Vitis vinifera cv Nebbiolo localizzati in Piemonte, Italia del Nord-Ovest, intorno alla sommità di una collina. L’obiettivo dello studio è stato di determinare come l’esposizione del vigneto possa influenzare il comportamento vegetativo della vite, il manifestarsi delle fasi fenologiche, e la cinetica di maturazione dell’uva con particolare riguardo all’accumulo di antociani e flavonoli. Le esposizioni più meridionali hanno indotto precocità di germogliamento e fioritura ma diminuzione della fertilità per gemma e, di conseguenza, della resa per pianta influenzando anche il peso dei grappoli, degli acini e delle bucce; hanno promosso una maggiore concentrazione dei solidi solubili nelle ultime fasi di maturazione ma la sintesi degli antociani e dei flavonoli ha subito un rallentamento durante le fasi tardive di maturazione. L’esposizione occidentale ha favorito il ritardo delle fasi fenologiche e un aumento della fertilità per gemma, del peso del grappolo e della resa produttiva, determinando un minore accumulo di solidi solubili nel mosto ma una maggiore sintesi di antociani. Si è evidenziata, in oltre, una probabile influenza della temperatura non solo sulla sintesi degli antociani ma anche dei flavonoli delle bucce.

The study was conducted in Sinio (Piedmont, Northwest Italy) in commercial vineyards of Vitis vinifera cv. Nebbiolo, situated on the top of a 30 % slope hillside, thus they were differently exposed: two of these (A) was exposed to South, another (B) to East-South-East, the fourth (C) to West-North-West. The clone CVT 141 grafted onto 420 A, was cultivated in every vineyard. Vines were VSP trained and pruned to the Guyot system (10 bud cane plus 2 bud spur). Vine theoretical density was 5200 vine/ha. The aim of this study was to determine how the vineyard exposition influences vine vegetative behaviour, phenological phase timing, grape ripening kinetic and grape properties including colour and flavonols. The results were used to characterize the vineyards in a sort of farm zoning, helping to choose the best technical management.
The 2009 vintage was characterized by a very rainy winter and spring, and a very hot summer (from mid July until the beginning of September the maximum temperature, as average, exceeded 32 °C). Bud burst and flowering resulted delayed in C, respect to A and B vineyards, whereas bud fertility was higher in C. That fact induced a higher bunch weight (313 g) in vineyard facing West (C), respect to those Southward (A and D) where bunch weight was similar (224 g) also thanks to a higher berry mass (1.87 g in A and D, 2.09 g in B, and 2.07 g in C). Furthermore, vineyard exposition influenced the vine vigour and yield that in C and D were twice that in A and B vineyards. Soluble solid content at harvest appeared higher in A, B and D (24.3 Brix as average) than in C vineyard (23.7 Brix). Southern expositions (A and D) delayed the beginning of veraison and reduced the anthocyanin concentration at harvest (600 mg/kg) respect to B (670 mg/kg) and C (770 mg/k); further differences among vineyards were observed both in the pattern of flavonol accumulation and in their concentration at harvest. In synthesis the Southern expositions advanced the phenological phases and decreased bud fertility, yield per vine and weight of bunches, berries and berry skins. In addition, it promoted a high concentration of soluble solids at harvest but not of anthocyanins whose concentration slowed down during the late phases of ripening. Western exposition (C) promoted a delay of phenological phases, and an increase of bud fertility, bunch weight and yield per vine; it induced a medium accumulation of soluble solids but the highest synthesis of anthocyanins. Due to the global warming we can expect a high variability between vintages from a weather point of view. We think that a sort of farm zoning matched with data obtained from observations executed in successive vintages could be a useful help to choose the best technical management for a specific year and to foresee in advance the vintage results.

Download the PDF

DOI:

Publication date: December 3, 2021

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

Guidoni S., Gangemi L., Ferrandino A.

Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Università di Torino, Via L. Da Vinci, 44. 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy

Contact the author

Keywords

Nebbiolo, fasi fenologiche, produttività, antociani, flavonoli
Nebbiolo, phenological phases, yield, anthocyanins, flavonols

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

Related articles…

Impact of climate change on the viticultural climate of the Protected Designation of Origin “Jumilla” (SE Spain)

Protected Designation of Origin “Jumilla” (PDO Jumilla) is located in the Spanish provinces of Albacete and Murcia, in the South-eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, where most of the models predict a severe impact of climate change in next decades. PDO Jumilla covers an area of 247,054 hectares, of which more than 22,000 hectares
Read More

Impact of geographical location on the phenolic profile of minority varieties grown in Spain. II: red grapevines

Because terroir and cultivar are drivers of wine quality, is essential to investigate theirs effects on polyphenolic profile before promoting the implantation of a red minority variety in a specific area. This work, included in MINORVIN project, focuses in the polyphenolic profile of 7 red grapevines minority varieties of Vitis vinifera L. (Morate, Sanguina, Santafe, Terriza Tinta Jeromo Tortozona Tinta) and Tempranillo) from six typical viticulture Spanish areas: Aragón (A1), Cataluña (A2), Castilla la Mancha (A3), Castilla –León (A4), Madrid (A5) and Navarra (A6) of 2020 season. Polyphenolic substances were extracted from grapes. 35 compounds were identified and quantified (mg subtance/kg fresh berry) by HPLC and grouped in anthocyanins (ANT) flavanols (FLAVA), flavonols (FLAVO), hydroxycinnamic (AH), benzoic (BA) acids and stilbenes (ST). Antioxidant activity (AA, mmol TE /g fresh berry) was determined by DPPH method. The results were submitted to a two-way ANOVA to investigate the influence of variety, area and their interaction for each polyphenolic family and cluster analysis was used to construct hierarchical dendrograms, searching the natural groupings among the samples. Sanguina (A3) had the most of total polyphenols while Tempranillo (A5) those of ANT. Sanguina (A2) and (A3) reached the highest values of FLAVO, FLAVA and AA. These two last samples had also the maximum of AA. The effect cultivar and area were significant for all polyphenolic families analyzed. A high variability due to variety (>50%) was observed in FLAVA and the maximum value of variability due to growing area was detected in AA (86.41%), ANT and FLAVO (51%); the interaction variety*zone was significant only for ANT, FLAVO, EST and AA. Finally, dendrograms presented five cluster: i) Sanguina (A2); ii) Sanguina (A3); iii) Tempranillo (A5); iv) Tempranillo (A3); Terriza (A3,A5), Morate (A5,A6); v) Santafé (A1,A6); Tortozona tinta (A1,A3,A6); Tinta Jeromo (A3,A4).

Read More

Short-term relationships between climate and grapevine trunk diseases in southern French vineyards

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...
Read More

Mesoclimate impact on Tannat in the Atlantic terroir of Uruguay

The study of climate is relevant as an element conditioning the typicity of a product, its quality and sustainability over the years. The grapevine development and growth and the final grape and wine composition are closely related to temperature, while climate components vary at mesoscale according to topography and/or proximity to large bodies of water. The objective of this work is to assess the mesoclimate of the Atlantic region of Uruguay and to determine the effect of topography and the ocean on temperature and consequently on Tannat grapevine behavior.

Read More

Variations of soil attributes in vineyards influence their reflectance spectra

Knowledge on the reflectance spectrum of soil is potentially useful since it carries information on soil chemical composition that can be used to the planning of agricultural practices. If compared with analytical methods such as conventional chemical analysis, reflectance measurement provides non-destructive, economic, near real-time data. This paper reports results from reflectance measurements performed by spectroradiometry on soils from two vineyards in south Brazil. The vineyards are close to each other, are on different geological formations, but were subjected to the same management. The objective was to detect spectral differences between the two areas, correlating these differences to variations in their chemical composition, to assess the technique’s potential to predict soil attributes from reflectance data.To that end, soil samples were collected from ten selected vine parcels. Chemical analysis yield data on concentration of twenty-one soil attributes, and spectroradiometry was performed on samples. Chemical differences significant to a 95% confidence level between the two studied areas were found for six soil attributes, and the average reflectance spectra were separated by this same level along most of the observed spectral domain. Correlations between soil reflectance and concentrations of soil attributes were looked for, and for ten soil traits it was possible to define wavelength domains were reflectance and concentrations are correlated to confidence levels from 95% to 99%. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analyses were performed comparing measured and predicted concentrations, and for fifteen out of 21 soil traits we found Pearson correlation coefficients r > 0.8. These preliminary results, which have to be validated, suggest that variations of concentration in the investigated soil attributes induce differences in reflectance that can be detected by spectroradiometry. Applications of these observations include the assessment of the chemical content of soils by spectroradiometry as a fast, low-cost alternative to chemical analytical methods.

Read More