Le aree viticole storiche nel mondo: i loro vitigni, la loro protezione e la tipicità dei vini in esse ottenuti

A « terroir » is a cultivated ecosystem in which the vine interacts with the soil and the climate. Main climatic parameters include temperature, rainfall and reference evapotranspiration

During wine production process high attention to the microbiological control from fermentation of the grape must to bottling is necessary. In fact, control of the indigenous microflora of the grape ensures correct fermentation activity of the inoculated starter, while control of the microorganisms in the finished wine is essential to prevent wine spoilage and to ensure the dominance of the desired bacteria when malolactic fermentation is required (Mas and Portillo, 2022).

Sustainable viticulture and winemaking continue to represent huge challenges, where a better knowledge about the functional role of biodiversity in the vineyard ecosystems is required.

Context and Purpose of the Study. In many countries, the preservation of grape varieties with heritage value is ensured by genebanks of outstanding significance, which allow for the study of these varieties and the assessment of their future roles in response to environmental, market, and social challenges.

Context and purpose of the study. Climate change accelerates grapevine’s phenology, advancing harvests by 2–3 weeks over the past 40 years negatively affecting wine style due to a lack of acidity and too much alcohol.