Le aree viticole storiche nel mondo: i loro vitigni, la loro protezione e la tipicità dei vini in esse ottenuti

Le terroir peut être défini comme un écosystème dans lequel la vigne interagit avec le climat et le sol et dont la résultante est le vin.

High temperatures influence plant development and induce a large set of physiological responses at the leaf scale. Stomatal closure is one of the most observed responses to high temperatures. This response is commonly considered as an adaptive strategy to reduce water loss and embolism in the vascular system caused by the high evaporative demand.

Many factors influence aging of bottled wine, oxygen transfer through the closure is included. The maximum uptake of wine before oxidation begins varies from 60 mg.L-¹ to 180 mg.L-1 for white and red wines respectively [1].
The process of bottling may lead to considerable amounts of oxygen. The actual contribution of the transfer through the closure system becomes relevant at the bottle storage, but the amounts are small compared to prepacking operations [2] and to the total oxygen attained during filling.

In recent years there has been a growth in interest and number of research studies regarding the application of remote optical and thermal sensing by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in agriculture and viticulture. Many papers report on the use of images to map or estimate the growth and water status of plants, or the heterogeneity of different parcels. Most often, NDVI or other similar indices are used.

For wine areas around the world, nature and climate are becoming factors of production whose endowment becomes a stake beyond the traditional economic factors: labor, capital, land. They strongly influence agricultural and environmental conditions for production.