Terroir 2010 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Study of grape physiology and wine quality (cv. Merlot) in different identified terroirs of the canton Ticino (Switzerland)

Study of grape physiology and wine quality (cv. Merlot) in different identified terroirs of the canton Ticino (Switzerland)

Abstract

[English version below]

Une étude de la physiologie de la vigne (cv. Merlot) et de la qualité des vins a été réalisée au Tessin de 2006 à 2008. La méthodologie utilisée pour cette étude intégrait tous les paramètres qui définissent les terroirs: facteurs naturels (géologie, pédologie et climat), facteurs physiologiques de la vigne et qualité des vins qui sont les révélateurs de la valeur d’un terroir. Pour analyser les principaux facteurs explicatifs de la qualité des terroirs, deux réseaux d’observation ont été mis en place (un réseau élargi et un réseau restreint) Pendant trois saisons, les données suivantes ont été enregistrées et analysées sur le réseau élargie (41 parcelles): vigueur de la plante (surfaces foliaires, arrêt de croissance, poids des sarments), analyses foliaires, index chlorophyllien, composantes du rendement et qualité des raisins. Sur le réseau restreint (25 parcelles), ces données ont été complétées par des mesures de l’état hydrique de la plante (potentiel de base, δC13). Les raisins des 25 parcelles du réseau restreint ont été vinifiés séparément et les vins ont été caractérisés par analyse chimique et sensorielle. La vigueur de la vigne est un facteur clé de la qualité d’un terroir. Elle est directement liée au type de sol et à son réservoir hydrique. L’alimentation hydrique de la vigne est étroitement liée au réservoir hydrique des sols. Malgré le fait qu’aucun stress hydrique n’ait été enregistré durant les trois années d’étude, les réserves hydriques des sols ont influencé le poids des baies et leur teneur en sucre. L’analyse chimique des vins n’a pas pu démontrer des différences significatives liées aux types de sols ou aux réserves hydriques. Des différences significatives ont par contre été observées au niveau de l’analyse sensorielle.

A study of grape physiology on cv. Merlot and wine quality was realised in Ticino from 2006 to 2008. The methodology used during our study integrated the entire parameters which define the terroir: natural factors (geology, pedology and climate), grape physiology and wine quality that are the main revealers of the value of a given terroir. In order to understand the main factors explaining the terroir, two observation networks were set up (a large network and a narrow network). During three growing seasons the following data were recorded on the large network: vine vigour (leaf area, pruning weight, time of growth cessation), leaf mineral content, chlorophyll index, yield components and berry composition. On the narrow network, the precedent observations were complemented by data from the vine water status (pre-dawn leaf water potential and carbone isotope composition). The grapes from 25 locations of the narrow network were vinified independently. Wines were characterized then by chemical and sensory analyses. The vine vigour was a key factor influencing the quality of a given terroir. Even if we didn’t observe any water stress during the three seasons of the study, soil water holding capacity affected berry weight and sugar concentration. The chemical analysis didn’t show any significant difference among wines according to soil types and SWHC. Significant differences between wines were observed with the sensory analysis.

DOI:

Publication date: December 3, 2021

Issue: Terroir 2010

Type: Article

Authors

Cristina Monico (1,2), F. Murisier (2) , V. Zufferey (2)

(1) FEDERVITI
Via Gorelle, S. Antonino, Svizzera
(2) Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW
CP 102, Nyon, Suisse

Contact the author

Keywords

Terroirs, sols, climat, écophysiologie, qualité des raisins, qualité des vins
Terroirs, soils, climate, ecophysiology, grape quality, wine quality

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2010

Citation

Related articles…

Evaluation of three alternative strategies for the long-term remediation of reductive off-odours in wines

Sulfur-like off-odours are a problem caused by the presence of free forms of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs). H2S is the most frequently found above its odour threshold

Citizen science for promoting a disease-resistant grape variety through a wine competition

The societal pressure to reduce the use of pesticides in Switzerland is steadily increasing. Viticulture is particularly in focus due to the frequent use of fungicides to combat downy and powdery mildew.

Ecophysiological performance of Vitis rootstocks under water stress

The use of rootstocks tolerant to soil water deficit is an interesting strategy to cope with limited water availability. Currently, several nurseries are breeding new genotypes, but the physiological basis of its responses under water stress are largely unknown. To this end, an ecophysiological assessment of the conventional 110-Richter (110R) and SO4, and the new M1 and M4 rootstocks was carried out in potted ungrafted plants. During one season, these Vitis genotypes were grown under greenhouse conditions and subjected to two water regimes, well-watered and water deficit. Water potentials of plants under water deficit down to < -1.4 MPa, and net photosynthesis (AN) <5 μmol m-2 s-1 did not cause leaf oxidative stress damage compared to well-watered conditions in any of the genotypes. The antioxidant capacity was sufficient to neutralize the mild oxidative stress suffered. Under both treatments, gravimetric differences in daily water use were observed among genotypes, leading to differences in the biomass of root, shoot and leaf. Under well-watered conditions, SO4 and 110R were the most vigorous and M1 and M4 the least. However, under water stress, SO4 exhibited the greatest reduction in biomass while M4 showed the lowest. Remarkably, under these conditions, SO4 reached the least negative stem water potential (Ψstem), while M1 reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and AN the most. In addition, SO4 and M1 genotypes also showed the highest and lowest hydraulic conductance values, respectively. Our results suggest that there are differences in water use regulation among genotypes, not only attributed to differences in stomatal regulation or intrinsic water use efficiency at the leaf level. Therefore, because no differences in canopy-to-root ratio were achieved, it is hypothesized that xylem vessel anatomical differences may be driving the reported differences among rootstocks performance. Results demonstrate that each Vitis rootstock differs in its ecophysiological responses under water stress.

Effectiveness of “curettage” and rootstock over-grafting in the control of esca

Context and purpose of the study. The grapevine domestication requested the need of pruning, which expose the vines to trunk pathogens, leading to the spread of vine trunk diseases.

New breeding frontiers: application of the CRISPR-cas9 system in grapevine (V. vinifera L.) and improvements in plant regeneration

Nowadays, many policies are being adopted for direct agriculture towards more sustainable approaches. To continue to maintain a high production using fewer fertilizers, pesticides and water resources, agronomic techniques must be combined with biotechnological approaches. In grapevine, the breeding programs are restricted by the fact that it has a highly heterozygous genome, therefore, if on the one hand, we try to improve the characteristics, on the other hand it is necessary to preserve the original genome of the varieties. CRISPR-cas9 system is one of the smartest tools to carry out highly precise genetic modifications leaving the genetic background unchanged.