Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Apports des mesures de résistivité électrique du sol dans les études sur le fonctionnement de la vigne et dans la spatialisation parcellaire

Apports des mesures de résistivité électrique du sol dans les études sur le fonctionnement de la vigne et dans la spatialisation parcellaire

Abstract

[English version below]

La mesure de la résistivité électrique des sols est une technique non destructive, spatialement intégrante, utilisée depuis peu en viticulture. L’utilisation d’appareils de mesures performant et de logiciels adaptés permet de traiter les données afin de pouvoir visualiser en deux ou trois dimensions les variations de textures ou d’humidité d’un sol.
La résistivimétrie électrique est testée depuis deux ans à l’Unité Vigne et Vin du Centre INRA d’Angers pour étudier l’alimentation hydrique de la vigne. Les techniques classiques qui permettent de mesurer quantitativement l’état hydrique du sol sont trop peu représentatives du volume de sol réellement prospecté par les racines. Les mesures de résistivité électrique autorisent en revanche une spatialisation précise des zones d’activités racinaires préférentielles, le volume de sol soumis au prélèvement des racines peut ainsi être mieux appréhendé. Cette technique permet une visualisation des zones de dessèchement préférentiel, et pour certains types de sols, elle permet également de quantifier l’eau disponible. Il est également possible de visualiser en temps réel les effets d’une pluie ou d’une sécheresse au travers de la sollicitation des racines ainsi que d’appréhender les effets de l’enherbement ou de différents porte-greffes sur l’alimentation hydrique de la vigne.
La résistivimétrie électrique peut également être appliquée en viticulture de précision puisqu’elle permet d’affiner la cartographie pédologique d’une parcelle. Le choix de l’emplacement de fosses pédologiques ou la localisation des différents porte-greffes pour la plantation peuvent être des applications directes de cette cartographie géophysique.
L’utilisation des techniques de géophysiques telles que la résistivimétrie électrique du sol peut donc aussi bien servir la recherche que devenir un outil de spatialisation pour la viticulture de précision, d’autant plus que les avancées technologiques récentes dans ce domaine permettent désormais une utilisation plus aisée des différents appareils de mesure.

The measurement of soil electric resistivity, as a non destructive, spatially integrative technique, has recently been introduced into viticulture. The use of performing equipment and adapted software allows for rapid data processing and gives the possibility to visualise the variations of soil texture or humidity in two or three dimensions.
Soil electric resistivity has been tested for the last two years at the Experimental Unit on Grapevine and Vine, INRA, Angers, France, to study the water supply to the vine in different “terroir” conditions. The classical techniques that allow to quantify the soil water status do not give access to the volume of soil explored by the root system. On the contrary, measurements of soil electric resistivity permit to visualise precisely the zones of preferential grapevine root activity. In some types of soil, available water may even be quantified. It is also possible to monitor in real time the effects of rain or drought through root solicitation, as well as the effects of soil management (inter-row grassing) or different rootstocks on the water supply to the vine.
When applied to precision viticulture, electric resistivity can be used to refine the geo-pedological cartography of a given plot. The choice of sites for pedological studies or the assistance for selection of rootstocks are direct applications of this cartography.
The use of geophysical techniques such as soil electric resistivity constitutes a tool for the use of both scientists and adepts of precision viticulture. Recent technological developments are now facilitating the use of these equipments.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

E. Goulet (1) et G. Barbeau (2)

(1) Cellule « Terroirs Viticoles », Confédération des Vignerons du Val de Loire, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex
(2) Unité Vigne et Vin, INRA, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex

Contact the author

Keywords

Vigne, sol, résistivité électrique, alimentation hydrique, spatialisation 
grapevine, soil, electric resistivity, water supply, spatial land distribution 

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Adapting the vineyard to climate change in warm climate regions with cultural practices

Since the 1980s global regime shift, grape growers have been steadily adapting to a changing climate. These adaptations have preserved the region-climate-cultivar rapports that have established the global trade of wine with lucrative economic benefits since the middle of 17th century. The advent of using fractions of crop and actual evapotranspiration replacement in vineyards with the use of supplemental irrigation has furthered the adaptation of wine grape cultivation. The shift in trellis systems, as well as pruning methods from positioned shoot systems to sprawling canopies, as well as adapting the bearing surface from head-trained, cane-pruned to cordon-trained, spur-pruned systems have also aided in the adaptation of grapevine to warmer temperatures. In warm climates, the use of shade cloth or over-head shade films not only have aided in arresting the damage of heat waves, but also identified opportunities to reduce the evapotranspiration from vineyards, reducing environmental footprint of vineyard. Our increase in knowledge on how best to understand the response of grapevine to climate change was aided with the identification of solar radiation exposure biomarker that is now used for phenotyping cultivars in their adaptability to harsh environments. Using fruit-based metrics such as sugar-flavonoid relationships were shown to be better indicators of losses in berry integrity associated with a warming climate, rather than solely focusing on region-climate-cultivar rapports. The resilience of wine grape was further enhanced by exploitation of rootstock × scion combinations that can resist untoward droughts and warm temperatures by making more resilient grapevine combinations. Our understanding of soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in the vineyard has increased within the last 50 years in such a manner that growers are able to use no-till systems with the aid of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi inoculation with permanent cover cropping making the vineyard more resilient to droughts and heat waves. In premium wine grape regions viticulture has successfully adapted to a rapidly changing climate thus far, but berry based metrics are raising a concern that we may be approaching a tipping point.

Using 1H-NMR combined with chemometrics to discriminate the effect of different cuts and toasting of woods used for grape pomace distillate ageing

The purpose of this research study is to consider new solutions for distillate ageing, in alternative to conventional oak chips or barrels in particular sliced wood and peeled wood were compared to oak cubes, normally employed during both wine and distillate ageing.

Denial of the wine-growing landscape

The aim of this presentation is to analysis the impact of the viticultural landscape in communication on labels of wine produced in heroic viticulture areas. To verify whether the ”viticultural landscape

Impact of grape maturity on esters content and sensory characters in wines fermented with yeast strains of different genetic backgrounds

Grapes composition is a factor well known to affect wines composition and sensory expression. The goal of this study was to evaluate how grapes composition modifications linked to maturity level could affect wines aromatic expression and esters composition.

Relationships between vine isohydricity and changes of fruit growth and metabolism during water deficit

The frequency of water deficits is increasing in many grape-growing regions due to climate change.