Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 From local classification to regional zoning-the use of a geographic information system (GIS) in Franconia / Germany. Part 1: specific GIS applications in viticulture

From local classification to regional zoning-the use of a geographic information system (GIS) in Franconia / Germany. Part 1: specific GIS applications in viticulture

Abstract

[English version below]

En vue d’une production économique de qualités des raisins optimales une connaissance des informations les plus différentes est importante. Les nouvelles technologies, telles qu’un SIG permettent de réunir les informations sur le terrain, la nature du sol, le danger d’érosion, le climat, la végétation, l’hydrographie, l’apparition de nuisible et de maladies, etc. Sur la base de cartes topographiques un SIG permet une vaste analyse, une appréciation des rapports complexes ainsi qu’une représentation cartographique. Sur la base de modélisations en trois dimensions du terrain avec le SIG, les ensembles de données saisies ainsi que leur classification au niveau local peuvent être utilisés dans la production de zonages régionaux. Les données du SIG délivrent des informations liées à la protection du sol et de l’eau, la classification climatique, la protection de la vigne, la possibilité d’enherbement, la planification d’irrigation, etc. Les aspects principaux de l’utilisation du SIG en Franconie sont l’enregistrement et l’analyse des données locales, comme les paramètres du sol, le risque d’érosion et les conditions climatique, dans le but d’élaborer des classifications locales des zones à appellation communale et des petits terroirs. A l’aide du SIG, ces classifications locales permettent la création de zonages régionaux, comme par exemple la formation de cartes régionales du risque d’érosion ou la définition de zones de climat local. La modélisation du terrain en trois dimensions permet de déterminer les couloirs d’écoulement de l’air froid et la modélisation des régions soumises au risque de gel, comme les creux et les vallées. Pour cette raison, le SIG en viticulture est un excellent instrument de travail dans la recherche et la consultation viticole ainsi que pour les producteurs de raisins et des domaines viticoles afin d’enregistrer, d’analyser et d’évaluer les influences que des zones régionales déterminées ont à subir. Ainsi le SIG montre aux vignerons leurs surfaces viticoles sous une perspective permettant de mieux analyser le milieu.

For an economically production of optimal grape quality, the knowledge of different types of information is important. New computer software such as a GIS enables the compilation of information on topography, soil, erosion risk, climate, vegetation, infrastructure, and the occurrences of pests and diseases. Based on digital topographie maps, a GIS allows a synoptical analysis of complex correlations and their representation on maps. Based on a three-dimensional terrain modelling with the GIS, recorded data sets and their local classification can be used to establish a regional zoning of viticultural relevant factors as e.g. favourable climatic zones combined with best soil conditions. The GIS data deliver information for fields like soil and water conservation, climatic classification, vine protection, selection of suitable grape varieties and rootstocks, green cover capacity, irrigation planning, yield and quality recording, etc. Main objectives of the GIS application in Franconia are the recording and analysis of local data sets as soil parameters, erosion risk and climatic conditions in vineyard sites. With help of the GIS, these local information enables the creation of a regional zoning of the respective data set, e.g. the generation of regional erosion risk maps or the definition of regional climatic zones. The 3D-terrain modelling allows the determination of flow-off paths of cold air and ‘mapping’ of frost endangered areas like depressions and valleys. Therefore, the viticultural GIS is an excellent aid to researchers and consultants, grape producers and wine growing estates for recording, analysing and assessing viticultural relevant factors in vineyards. This enables a new perspective of vineyards for a better planning of new plantings and also for an improvement of the vineyard management.

Download the PDF

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

S. KÖNIGER, A. SCHWAB and S. MICHEL

Bayerische Landesanstalt für Weinbau und Gartenbau, Abt. Weinbau· und Rebenzüchtung, Herrnstr. 8, D-97209 Veitshochheim, Germany

Contact the author

Keywords

regional zoning, GIS, climate, soil, vineyard management
zonage régional, SIG, climat, sol, management du vignobles

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

The plantation frame as a measure of adaptation to climate change

The mechanization of vineyard work originally led to a reduction in planting densities due to the lack of machinery adapted to the vineyard. The current availability of specific machinery makes it possible to establish higher planting densities. In this work, three planting densities (1.40×0.80 m, 1.80×1 m and 2.20×1.20 m, corresponding to 8928, 5555 and 3787 plants/ha respectively) were studied with four varieties autochthonous of Galicia (northwestern Spain): Albariño and Treixadura (white), Sousón and Mencía (red). The vines were trained in a vertical shoot positioning system using a single Royat cordon, and pruned to spurs with two buds each. Agronomic data (yield, pruning wood weight, Ravaz index) and oenological data in must were collected. The higher planting density (1.40×0.80 m) had no significant effect on grape yield per vine in white varieties, although production per hectare was much higher due to the greater number of plants. In red varieties, this planting density resulted in a significantly lower production per vine, compensated by the greater number of plants. In addition, it significantly reduced the Brix degree in the must of the Albariño, Treixadura and Sousón varieties, and increased the total acidity in the latter two and Mencía. It also caused an increase in extractable and total anthocyanins and IPT in red grapes. The effects of high planting density on grapes are of great interest for the adaptation of varieties in the context of climate change. In the future, it could be advisable to modify the limits imposed by the appellations of origin on the planting density of these varieties in order to obtain more balanced wines.
Read More

Influence of weather and climatic conditions on the viticultural production in Croatia

The research includes an analysis of the impact of weather conditions on phenological development of the vine and grape quality, through monitoring of four experimental cultivars (Chardonnay, Graševina, Merlot and Plavac mali) over two production years. In each experimental vineyard, which were evenly distributed throughout the regions of Slavonia and The Croatian Danube, Croatian Uplands,

Read More

Impact of climate change on the viticultural climate of the Protected Designation of Origin “Jumilla” (SE Spain)

Protected Designation of Origin “Jumilla” (PDO Jumilla) is located in the Spanish provinces of Albacete and Murcia, in the South-eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, where most of the models predict a severe impact of climate change in next decades. PDO Jumilla covers an area of 247,054 hectares, of which more than 22,000 hectares

Read More

Mesoclimate impact on Tannat in the Atlantic terroir of Uruguay

The study of climate is relevant as an element conditioning the typicity of a product, its quality and sustainability over the years. The grapevine development and growth and the final grape and wine composition are closely related to temperature, while climate components vary at mesoscale according to topography and/or proximity to large bodies of water. The objective of this work is to assess the mesoclimate of the Atlantic region of Uruguay and to determine the effect of topography and the ocean on temperature and consequently on Tannat grapevine behavior.

Read More

Effects of organic mulches on the soil environment and yield of grapevine

Farming management practices aiming at conserving soil moisture have been developed in arid and semiarid-areas facing water scarcity problems. Organic mulching is an effective method to manipulate the crop-growing microclimate increasing crop yield by controlling soil temperature, and retaining soil moisture by reducing soil evaporation. In this sense, the effectiveness of different organic mulching materials (straw mulch and grapevine pruning debris) applied within the row of a vineyard was evaluated on the soil and on the vine in a Tempranillo vineyard located in La Rioja (Spain). Organic mulches were compared with a traditional bare soil management technique (based on the use of herbicides to avoid weed incidence). Mulching coverages favourably influenced the soil water retention throughout all the grapevine vegetative cycle. However, the soil-moisture variation was not the same under different mulching materials, being the straw mulch (SM) the one that retained more water in comparison with grapevine pruning debris (GPD) based-cover. The changes of soil moisture in the upper surface layer (0–10 cm) were highly dynamic, probably due to water vapour fluxes across the soil-atmospheric interface. However, both, SM and GPD reduced these fluctuations as compared with bare soils. A similar trend occurred with soil temperature. Both organic mulches altered soil temperature in comparison with bare soil by reducing soil temperature in summer and raising it in winter. Moreover, the same buffering effect for the temperature on the covered soil also remains in the deeper layers. To conclude, we could see that organic mulching had a positive impact on soil-moisture storage and soil temperature and the extent of this effect depends on the type of mulching materials. These changes led to higher rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity compared to bare soils, also favouring crop growth and grape yields.

Read More