Key phenolic compounds in the pulp of new red-fleshed table grape hybrids: anthocyanins and flavonols 

Soil mulching is an interesting strategy to reduce soil evaporation, assist in weed control, improve soil structure and organic content, increase soil water infiltration, and decrease diurnal temperature fluctuations

Proximal sensors are becoming widely used in precision viticulture, due to the quick, easy and non-invasive identification of soil spatial variability. The apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is the main parameter measured by sensors, which is correlated to many factors, like soil water content, salinity, clay content and mineralogy, rock fragments, bulk density, and porosity.

Grapevine naturally endures stresses like heat, drought, and hypoxia. A recent study showed very low oxygen levels inside grape berries, linked to ethanol content.

Terroir encompasses many elements, including environment, grapes and human inputs that together contribute to the final wine quality of a certain wine growing area.

Currently, grapevine is host to a large number of pathogenic agents, including 65 viruses, five viroids and eight phytoplasmas. Needless to say, these pathogens, especially viruses responsible for several ‘infectious degeneration’ or ‘decline’ cause great distress to wine makers and grape growers, let alone the large economic losses incurred by the wine industry. A recent addition to this wide repertoire of grapevine viruses is a new viral disease known as Red Blotch in viticulture parlance. Its causal organism, Grapevine red blotch associated virus (GRBaV), discovered in 2008 is a newly identified virus of grapevines and a putative member of a new genus within the family Geminiviridae.