terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon from Maipo valley (Chile) using fluorescence measurement

Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon from Maipo valley (Chile) using fluorescence measurement

Abstract

Viral diseases are a significant cause of both decreased grape quality and vineyard production. Important agents include grapevine leafroll-associated virus (glravs) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav). However, conducting phytosanitary analysis of vineyards for viruses on-site is challenging, and molecular testing is generally expensive. Additionally, a valuable tool that can provide extensive information on the physiological state of plants is the measurement of transient chlorophyll-a fluorescence. In this work, we analyzed this parameter using the ojiv test on Cabernet Sauvignon plants, the main red cultivar in chile, to assess the phytosanitary status concerning viral infections. Initially, fluorescence was evaluated in productive vines throughout their development, followed by analysis in plants infected with glravs or glravs+grspav. It was observed that the kinetics of fluorescence emission decreased throughout phenological development and was also lower in clones with viral infections, especially at values of fluorescence at 50 μs (fo) and maximum fluorescence (fm), indicating limitations in electron donation by the oxygen-evolving complexes and changes in the antenna complex of photosystem ii (psii). The parameter that showed the most significant differences was the performance index (piabs), which decreased throughout phenological development and in virally infected plants. This decrease suggests that psii shifts the conversion of light energy from chemical to heat dissipation, making it an excellent parameter for assessing the vitality of Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards.

Caractérisation du Cabernet Sauvignon de la vallée de Maipo (Chili) par mesure de la fluorescence

Les maladies virales sont une cause importante de la diminution de la qualité des raisins et de la production des vignobles. Parmi les agents principaux, nous trouvons les grapevine leafroll-associated virus (glravs) et grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav). Toutefois, l’analyse phytosanitaire des vignobles concernant les virus est difficile à réaliser sur le terrain, et les tests moléculaires sont généralement coûteux. De plus, un outil capable de fournir une quantité considérable d’informations sur l’état physiologique des plantes est la mesure de la fluorescence transitoire de la chlorophylle a. Dans ce travail, nous avons analysé ce paramètre en utilisant le test ojiv sur des plants de cabernet sauvignon, le principal cépage rouge au chili, pour évaluer l’état phytosanitaire vis-à-vis des viroses. Initialement, la fluorescence a été évaluée chez les vignes productives tout au long de leur développement, puis chez des plants infectés par glravs ou glravs+grspav. Il a été observé que la cinétique d’émission de fluorescence diminuait tout au long du développement phénologique et était également plus faible chez les clones présentant des infections virales, particulièrement pour les valeurs de fluorescence à 50 μs (fo) et de fluorescence maximale (fm), reflétant une limitation dans le don d’électrons par les complexes libérateurs d’oxygène et des changements dans le complexe antenne du photosystème ii (psii). Le paramètre ayant montré les différences les plus significatives était l’indice de performance (piabs), qui diminuait à la fois tout au long du développement phénologique et chez les plants virosés. Cette diminution suggère que le psii modifie la conversion de l’énergie lumineuse de chimique en dissipation de chaleur, en faisant un excellent paramètre pour évaluer la vitalité des vignobles de Cabernet Sauvignon.

Caracterización del Cabernet Sauvignon del valle del Maipo (Chile) usando mediciones de fluorescencia

Las enfermedades virales son una causa importante de disminución de calidad de la uva y producción de los viñedos y de la calidad de la uva. Entre los principales agentes encontamos a los virus asociados al enrollamiento de la hoja de la vid (glravs) y los asociados al picado del tallo en rupestris (grspav). Sin embargo, el análisis fitosanitario del viñedo respecto a virus es dificil de realizar en terreno, y las pruebas moleculares son en general costosas. Por otra parte, una herramienta que es capaz de aportar gran cantidad de información del estado fisiologico de las plantas es la medición de fluorecencia transitoria de clorofila a. En el presente trabajo  analizamos este parametro, mediante la prueba ojiv en plantas de cabernet sauvignon, principal cultivar tinto en chile, para evaluar el estado fitosanitario respecto a virosis. En primer lugar, se evaluó la fluorescencia en vides productivas a lo largo de su desarrollo, y luego se analizó en plantas infectadas con glravs o glravs+grspav. Se observó que la cinética de emisión de fluorescencia disminuyó a lo largo del desarrollo fenológico, así como tambien fue menor en los clones que presentaban infecciones virales, siendo especialmente bajos los valores de fluorescencia a 50 s (fo) y fluorescencia máxima (fm), reflejando limitación en la donación de electrones por parte de los complejos liberadores de oxígeno y cambios en el complejo antena del fotosistema ii (psii). El parámetro que reflejó las diferencias más significativas fue el índice de rendimiento (piabs), que disminuyó a lo largo del desarrollo fenológico y también en plantas con virosis. Dicha disminución indicaría que psii cambia la conversión de la energía luminosa de química a disipación de calor, volviéndolo un excelente parámetro para evaluar la vitalidad de los viñedos de Cabernet Sauvignon.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Consuelo Ceppi de Lecco¹, Pablo Cañón²

¹ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
² Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

100 ans d’évolution des règles relatives à l’encépagement des AOC viticoles françaises : quelles perspectives face aux enjeux contemporains

To characterize a wine, the most frequently used criteria describe its color, its origin, the grape varieties from which they come, or even for white wines its residual sugar content (dry, semi-dry, sweet). In france, the system of appellations of origin set up in 1919 was initially based solely on the notoriety and origin of the wines. But given the unfavorable consequences that this lack of details generated, the public authorities quickly integrated in 1927 into the “capus” law criteria for access to designations of origin, relating to the specific characteristics of the soils of the vineyards and the grape varieties used, in particular exclusion of interspecific hybrid varieties. In 1935 the creation of the aoc system confirmed the interest in precisely defining all the production conditions that must be implemented to be able to claim the benefit of an aoc, and grape varieties were an essential condition for acquisition.

Towards a European data basis based of advanced multi-isotopic signatures and artificial intelligence: the wine in blue project

Major and trace elements are essential for the development of grapes used for the wine. They are primarily originating from the soil. Some elements are also seldomly added during the wine making process. Therefore, the largest spectrum of major, trace and ultra-trace elements in the final wine product is a good signature of its geographical origin. In the frame of the European tracewindu, we have developed a very original multi-isotopic dilution method using triple quadrupole icp/ms.

Challenges and opportunities for increasing organic carbon in vineyard soils: perspectives of extension specialists

Context description and research question: an increasing number of farmers are considering the impact of conservation practices on soil health to guide sustainable management of vineyards. Understanding impacts of soil management on soil organic carbon (SOC) is one lever for adoption of agroecological practice with potential to help maintain or improve soil health while building SOC stocks to mitigate climate change (Amelung et al., 2020).

An efficient protocol for long-term maintenance of embryogenic calluses of Vitis vinifera

New breeding techniques (NBTS) could play a significant role in the genetic improvement of grapevine by producing new grape varieties with improved quantitative and qualitative characteristics. However, the application of these new techniques faces some technical challenges. One of the challenges is the generation of embryogenic calluses, which are not only difficult to obtain but it is also difficult to maintain their competence during in vitro cultivation, and thus regenerate plants without defects.

Towards understanding the mechanisms of resistance to grapevine Flavescence dorée

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a very serious grapevine disease, classified as quarantine in europe, where it appeared in the middle of the last century. It is associated with the presence of phytoplasmas, transmitted in the vineyard by a leafhopper of american origin, scaphoideus titanus. FD causes severe wine production losses and often leads to plant death. There are currently no alternative solutions to insecticide treatments against the vector and uprooting diseased vines.