terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis: driving regeneration forces behind grapevine genetic transformation

Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis: driving regeneration forces behind grapevine genetic transformation

Abstract

Cell pluripotency, enables the possibility to change the cellular fate, stimulating the reorganization and the formation of new vegetative structures from differentiated somatic tissues. Although several factors are implicated in determining the success of a breeding program through the use of modern biotechnological techniques, the definition of a specific regeneration strategy is fundamental to speed up and make these applications feasible. Different plant growth regulators are available to exploit cell plasticity, arousing the production of somatic embryo-related structures or adventitious meristems which will subsequently regenerate their root system. Despite most of the scientific literature on vitis spp. In this matter having been mainly oriented on the somatic embryogenesis regeneration pathway, the provision of newly juvenile tissues could become a suitable starting explant for the adventitious shoot regeneration.  Vitis vinifera wine and grapes cultivars as well as vitis hybrid genotypes used as rootstock have been studied regarding their regeneration potential previous and after the agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Adventitious shoot regeneration from cotyledons and hypocotyls obtained from somatic embryos, led to the obtainment and selection of several transformed lines, expressing the nptii (neomycin phosphotransferase ii) and the egfp (enhanced green fluorescent protein), opening a supplementary opportunity to foster the transformed cell regeneration competence.

Embriogenesi somatica e organogenesi: processi di rigenerazione essenziali per la trasformazione genetica in vite

La pluripotenza cellulare consente di cambiare il destino cellulare, stimolando la riorganizzazione e la formazione di nuove strutture vegetative a partire da tessuti somatici già differenziati. Sebbene molti fattori siano coinvolti nella determinazione del successo di un programma di miglioramento genetico basato sull’impiego di moderne tecniche biotecnologiche, la definizione di una specifica strategia di rigenerazione in vitro è fondamentale nella velocizzazione e nel rendere tali applicazioni biotecnologiche attuabili. Differenti sostanze ormonali sono disponibili per sfruttare la plasticità cellulare, stimolando la produzione di embrioni somatici o meristemi avventizi che successivamente rigenereranno il loro apparato radicale. Nonostante la letteratura scientifica in materia di rigenerazione in vitro di vitis spp, sia prevalentemente orientata nel sistema di rigenerazione per embriogenesi somatica, la disponibilità di nuovi tessuti giovanili può essere un’efficace risorsa da impiegare come espianto iniziale per la rigenerazione avventizia di germogli. Varietà di uva da vino e da tavola, nonché genotipi ibridi di vitis, generalmente usati come portinnesti sono stati studiati per la loro potenzialità di rigenerazione prima e dopo la trasformazione genetica mediata da agrobacterium. La rigenerazione avventizia di germogli da cotiledoni e ipocotili, ottenuti da embrioni somatici, ha portato alla selezione di alcune linee geneticamente trasformate, esprimenti il gene nptii (neomyicin phosphotransferase ii) e il gene egfp (enhanced-green fluorescent protein), aprendo la possibilità di favorire la competenza alla rigenerazione delle cellule trasformate.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Luca Capriotti¹, Silvia Sabbadini¹, Angela Ricci¹, Irene Piunti¹, Victoria Sùnico Sanchez¹, Patrizio De Angelis¹, Oriano Navacchi², Bruno Mezzetti¹

¹ Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona, Italy
² Vitroplant Italia S.R.L, Via Loreto, 170, Cesena, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

Evaluation of Acıkara (Vitis vinifera L.) native grape variety of anatolia for red wine production potential

The acıkara grape variety, a nearly forgotten native black variety in Anatolia/Turkey, has recently gained interest in its potential for producing high-quality wine from producers and consumers. The potential of producing high-quality red wine from the Acıkara grape variety (vitis vinifera), which is cultivated on the elmalı/antalya in the highland (1100 m altitude) of western mediterranean region, was investigated, and the suitability of the wine’s characteristics associated with high-quality red wine was determined.

Empreinte carbone et environnementale du vin en France : chiffres d’impact et bonnes pratiques à mettre en œuvre

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere due to human activities are leading to a rise in the average temperature of the atmosphere. among the scenarios established by the un’s intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), only two enable us to achieve the minimum objective of the paris agreements signed at cop 21 in 2015: staying below +2°c after 2050. both scenarios forecast a rapid reduction in GHG emissions as early as 2025, thanks to strong international cooperation, the priority given to sustainable development and responsible consumer choices.

Biological de-sugaring of grape musts to adjust the alcoholic strength of wine

Climate change is having an ever-increasing impact on the physico-chemical composition of grapes, with ever-lower acidity and higher sugar levels.

The bottleneck/cork interface: A key parameter for wine aging in bottle

The shelf life of wine is a major concern for the wine industry. This is particularly true for wines intended for long cellaring, which are supposed to reach their peak after an ageing period ranging from a few months to several years, or even decades. Low, controlled oxygen inputs through the closure system are generally necessary for the wine to evolve towards its optimum organoleptic characteristics. Our previous studies have already shown that the interface between the cork and the bottleneck plays a crucial role in the transfer of oxygen into the bottled wine.

Armenia: historical origin of domesticated grapevine

The Armenian highlands are located on the northern border of western asia and stretch up to the caucasus from the north. Throughout human history, country has played an important role in connecting the civilizations of europe and the near east. The recent large-scale study about the dual domestication origin and evolution of grapes approved that in the Armenian highlands human and grapevine stories are interlaced through centuries and roots of grapevine domestication are found deep in the pleistocene, ending 11.5 thousand years ago. Findings of this study confirmed that glacial episodes distinguish wild grapes into eastern and western ecotypes around 200-400 ka.