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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Economy and law 9 Les outils pour favoriser le renouvellement des générations en viticulture

Les outils pour favoriser le renouvellement des générations en viticulture

Abstract

Le législateur français a choisi l’exploitation viticole de type familial comme référence pour rédiger le cadre juridique des exploitations et celui des viticulteurs. En france (source msa), au cours de l’année 2022, il y a eu 1.444 installations en viticulture, soit une augmentation de 3 % par rapport à 2021 et représentent 10 % des nouveaux chefs d’exploitation. Le taux de maintien dans l’activité viticole atteint 75 % en viticulture (+13 % par rapport à 2021), contre 77 % pour ensemble des secteurs agricoles (stable). La transmission des exploitations viticoles en france est une question fondamentale et d’actualité à la veille d’une future loi destinée à l’accompagnement d’« installations humainement, économiquement et écologiquement viables », car à ce jour le renouvellement des générations n’est pas assuré dans le secteur viticole.  La communication porterait alors sur : 1- des contraintes patrimoniales et financières importantes l’obligation d’investir pour des actifs immobiliers importants : la nécessité d’avoir des stocks et l’importance du coût du foncier viticole. L’extension des surfaces plantées dans certaines régions n’a pas empêché la poursuite de l’augmentation du foncier viticole (hors bâtiments viticoles), qui représente de l’ordre d’un tiers des immobilisations. Ces actifs ont pour conséquence de retarder l’âge d’installation dans le secteur viticole d’une part, et nécessite la mobilisation d’importants moyens financiers afin de pouvoir exploiter une surface viticole suffisante pour assurer la pérennité de l’exploitation et la rémunération des professionnels y travaillant.  La maîtrise du coût de la transmission du foncier est en but aux pratiques de l’administration fiscale, tout spécialement le principe de la valeur de comparaison qui prend en compte les acquisitions réalisées par des investisseurs extérieurs au monde viticole et dont les motivations sont éloignées des problématiques de rendement et revenus des viticulteurs. 2. Les outils juridiques et fiscaux disponibles pour assurer le renouvellement des générations en viticulture a- les outils classiques améliorés d’accompagnement au renouvellement des générations en viticulture – la fiscalité « classique » des mutations à titre gratuit (donations et successions) et ses effets négatifs depuis 2011 car elle constitue un élément important dans le coût des transmissions familiales.  – la donation-partage transgénérationnelle créé par la loi n° 2006-728 du 23 juin 2006, insuffisamment utilisée ?  – le pacte dutreil favorisant la transmission d’entreprise qui existe depuis 2000 lors de la cession de droits sociaux de société ou des biens (meubles corporels ou incorporels et immeubles) affectés à une exploitation viticole sous certaines conditions et l’inconvénient de regrouper dans une même structure l’exploitation viticole et le foncier. – fiscalité spécifique à la transmission des biens ruraux dont le dispositif a été amélioré en 2019, mais qui comporte des imperfections. B – les outils renouvelés ?  Les articles 8 à 10 du projet de loi « pacte d’orientation pour le renouvellement des générations en agriculture » qui sera prochainement en cours de discussion devant le parlement, sont destinés à favoriser l’installation des agriculteurs (viticulteurs en l’occurrence) ainsi que la transmission des exploitations et améliorer les conditions d’exercice de leur profession.  Ainsi, les politiques publiques mises en œuvre de 2025 à 2035 favoriseront la création, l’adaptation et la transmission des exploitations, tout en prenant en compte les attentes socio‑professionnelles des personnes qui souhaitent s’engager dans ces métiers. De même, un répertoire départemental unique destiné à faciliter les mises en relation entre cédants et repreneurs, ainsi que le suivi des installations et transmissions doit être mis en place.

Strumenti per favorire il ricambio generazionale nella viticoltura

I legislatori francesi hanno scelto l’azienda vitivinicola di tipo familiare come punto di riferimento per la stesura del quadro giuridico delle aziende vitivinicole e dei viticoltori. In francia (fonte: msa), nel 2022, ci sono stati 1.444 nuovi viticoltori, con un aumento del 3% rispetto al 2021, che rappresentano il 10% dei nuovi imprenditori agricoli. Il tasso di mantenimento dei viticoltori è del 75% (+13% rispetto al 2021), rispetto al 77% di tutti i settori agricoli (stabile). Il trasferimento delle aziende vitivinicole in francia è un tema fondamentale e di grande attualità alla vigilia di una futura legge volta a sostenere “impianti umanamente, economicamente ed ecologicamente sostenibili”, perché oggi il ricambio generazionale non è assicurato nel settore vitivinicolo.  La comunicazione si concentrerà quindi su 1- vincoli patrimoniali e finanziari importanti l’obbligo di investire nei grandi patrimoni immobiliari: la necessità di detenere scorte e l’elevato costo dei terreni viticoli. L’espansione delle superfici piantate in alcune regioni non ha impedito il continuo aumento dei terreni vitati (esclusi i fabbricati), che rappresentano circa un terzo delle immobilizzazioni. Queste immobilizzazioni hanno l’effetto di ritardare l’età di avvio del settore vitivinicolo e richiedono la mobilitazione di ingenti risorse finanziarie per poter coltivare una superficie sufficiente a garantire il futuro a lungo termine dell’azienda e la remunerazione dei professionisti che vi lavorano.  Il controllo dei costi di trasferimento dei terreni è di competenza delle autorità fiscali, soprattutto per quanto riguarda il principio del valore di confronto, che tiene conto delle acquisizioni effettuate da investitori esterni al settore vitivinicolo, le cui motivazioni sono ben lontane dalle questioni di rendimento e reddito dei viticoltori. 2. Gli strumenti giuridici e fiscali disponibili per garantire il ricambio generazionale nella viticoltura a- miglioramento degli strumenti tradizionali a sostegno del ricambio generazionale in viticoltura – il sistema fiscale “tradizionale” per i trasferimenti gratuiti (donazioni ed eredità) e i suoi effetti negativi dal 2011, in quanto rappresenta un fattore importante nel costo dei trasferimenti familiari.  – la donazione condivisa transgenerazionale istituita dalla legge n. 2006-728 del 23 giugno 2006, ma non viene utilizzata abbastanza?  – il patto dutreil per favorire i trasferimenti d’impresa, in vigore dal 2000 per il trasferimento di quote societarie o di beni (mobili e immobili materiali o immateriali) destinati a un’azienda vitivinicola, a determinate condizioni, ma che ha lo svantaggio di unire l’azienda vitivinicola e i terreni in un’unica struttura. – regime fiscale specifico per il trasferimento di proprietà rurali, che è stato migliorato nel 2019, ma che presenta alcune imperfezioni. B – strumenti rinnovati?  Gli articoli da 8 a 10 del progetto di legge “pacte d’orientation pour le renouvellement des générations en agriculture”, che sarà prossimamente discusso in parlamento, mirano a incoraggiare gli agricoltori (in questo caso i viticoltori) a creare e trasferire le loro aziende e a migliorare le condizioni in cui esercitano la loro professione.  Le politiche pubbliche attuate tra il 2025 e il 2035 favoriranno la creazione, l’adattamento e il trasferimento delle aziende agricole, tenendo conto delle aspettative socio-professionali di coloro che desiderano intraprendere queste professioni. Inoltre, è prevista la creazione di un repertorio unico dipartimentale per facilitare i contatti tra venditori e acquirenti e per monitorare la creazione e il trasferimento delle aziende agricole.

Tools to encourage the renewal generations of winegrowers

French lawmakers have chosen the family-type winegrowing business as the benchmark for drafting the legal framework for winegrowing businesses and winegrowers. In france (source: msa), in 2022, there were 1,444 new winegrowers, an increase of 3% compared with 2021, representing 10% of new farm managers. The retention rate for winegrowers is 75% (up 13% on 2021), compared with 77% for all agricultural sectors (stable). The transfer of winegrowing farms in france is a fundamental and topical issue on the eve of a future law designed to support ‘humanely, economically and ecologically viable installations’, because today the renewal of generations is not assured in the winegrowing sector. The communication would therefore focus on 1- major asset and financial constraints the obligation to invest in major property assets: the need to hold stocks and the high cost of wine-growing land. The expansion of planted areas in some regions has not prevented the continued increase in vineyard land (excluding vineyard buildings), which accounts for around a third of fixed assets. These assets have the effect of delaying the age at which people start up in the winegrowing sector, and require the mobilisation of substantial financial resources in order to be able to farm a sufficient surface area to ensure the long-term future of the business and the remuneration of the professionals working there.  Controlling the cost of transferring land is a matter for the tax authorities, especially the principle of comparison value, which takes into account acquisitions made by investors from outside the wine industry whose motives are far removed from the issues of yield and income for winegrowers. 2. The legal and tax tools available to ensure generational renewal in winegrowing a- improved traditional tools to support generational renewal in winegrowing – the ‘traditional’ tax system for gratuitous transfers (gifts and inheritances) and its negative effects since 2011, as it is a major factor in the cost of family transfers.  – the transgenerational shared donation created by law no. 2006-728 of 23 june 2006, but not used enough?  – the dutreil pact to encourage business transfers, which has been in place since 2000 for the transfer of company shares or assets (tangible or intangible movables and property) allocated to a winegrowing business, subject to certain conditions, but which has the disadvantage of combining the winegrowing business and the land into a single structure. – specific tax arrangements for the transfer of rural property, which have been improved in 2019, but which have some imperfections. B – renewed tools?  Articles 8 to 10 of the draft law ‘pacte d’orientation pour le renouvellement des générations en agriculture’, which will shortly be debated in parliament, are designed to encourage farmers (winegrowers in this case) to set up and transfer their farms, and to improve the conditions in which they practise their profession.  The public policies implemented between 2025 and 2035 will encourage the creation, adaptation and transfer of farms, while taking into account the socio-professional expectations of those wishing to enter these professions. Similarly, a single departmental directory is to be set up to make it easier for sellers and buyers to contact each other, and to monitor the setting up and transfer of farms.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Christine Lebel¹

¹ Université de Franche-Comté – 5 rue du Faubourg Perpreuil, Beaune, France

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Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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