Grapevine DMR6-1 DMR6-2 double mutants display constitutive systemic acquired resistance and altered gibberellin metabolism

Abstract

Achieving disease resistance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) without compromising plant growth is a significant challenge for viticulture. Astrategy to reduce susceptibility to Downy Mildew (DM) is through dual inactivation of the salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylases VviDMR6-1 and VviDMR6-2 by gene editing, which leads to elevated endogenous SAlevels and enhanced immunity. Unlike other SA-overaccumulating mutants, these double mutants exhibit no observable growth defects during the juvenile stage and in greenhouse conditions. Through gene-network and expression analyses, we identified a constitutive activation of genes involved in Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) in the double DMR6-1 DMR6-2 mutant but not in the single DMR6-1 mutant, suggesting functional synergy between these two genes in grapevine. Our analyses revealed also the interaction between SAand gibberellin metabolism. By unraveling this hormonal crosstalk, this research provides strategies to mitigate potential growth penalties when developing transgene-free grapevine varieties with reduced susceptibility to pathogens.