The Macrowine 2025 congress, co-organised by the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano and the Laimburg Research Centre, was held in Bolzano (Italy) from 24 to 27 June 2025.
DOI of the book :
10.58233/macrowine2025
Climate change (CC) is altering grape/wine composition, challenging wine sensory quality. Rising temperatures increase grape sugar levels, with higher wine ethanol (EtOH) contents, reduce total acidity (TA) converging with increased pH and lead to the accumulation of CC odorous markers such as γ-nonalactone (γ-C9) and massoia lactone (ML).
Moscatel de Setúbal is a Portuguese fortified wine with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO Setúbal), made from Moscatel de Setúbal grape variety (Muscat of Alexandria) [1].
In Spain, the wide diversity of red grapevine varieties represents an advantage when choosing the most suitable one for cultivation based on different climatic conditions, without implying a loss of their enological potential.
Foliar application of urea has proven to be an effective method for increasing the amino acid content in grapes, especially when the vineyard has additional nitrogen needs. These treatments can prevent problems of stucking fermentation during winemaking.