The Macrowine 2025 congress, co-organised by the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano and the Laimburg Research Centre, was held in Bolzano (Italy) from 24 to 27 June 2025.
DOI of the book :
10.58233/macrowine2025
The wine-making process generates numerous by-products at each stage (crushing, fermentation, ageing), including wine lees, which account for almost 25% of the total quantity.
Wine is a complex hydroalcoholic solution, with ethanol levels serving as a critical quality parameter.
Wine is a complex matrix whose composition depends on climatic, agricultural, and winemaking factors, making quality control and authenticity assessment critical in the global market.
During winemaking, some byproducts are obtained, such as grape pomace, which represent 13% of winery byproducts.